Background Module 4 Flashcards
What type of conditioning underlies (theoretically) craving and habits?
Respectively: Pavlovian (cue-triggers) & Instrumental (reinforcement)
What is approach bias?
Tendency to approach appetitive stimuli
With what task can approach bias be investigated?
Approach-avoidance task (AAT)
Explain the approach-avoidance task
- Pictures on a screen are presented (in this case, of soft drinks and alcoholic drinks)
- Images are tilted to either the right or the left > based on this, participants have to pull a joystick a certain way
- Pulling it towards you (zooming in) or pushing away (zooming out) = approach and avoidance response, respectively
- Faster reaction time pulling towards you (e.g., with alcoholic drinks) = approach bias
With what task can attention bias be tested?
Dot-probe test
What is the dot-probe test?
- Presented with two stimuli (one drug-related, one neutral)
- One stimuli is replaced with a specific response stimulus (e.g., “do you see 1 or 2 dots”)
- Shorter response time to replaced drug-related stimuli = attentional bias
With what task can memory bias be tested?
Implicit association task (IAT)
What is the implicit association task?
- Categorize words into 2x2 categories (soft drink & passive vs. alcohol & active, for example)
- (passive & active refer to arousal levels)
- If response to alcohol and active is higher than when alcohol is paired with passive, this would indicate that alcohol is associated with high arousal
categories could also be positive vs negative
This lowkey feels a bit like a stretch
What is the difference between proof-of-principle studies and clinical studies (e.g., RCTs) + why is this difference important?
Respectively:
- Conducted in lab, with the goal to reveal psych mechanisms underlying human behaviour (usually in healthy participants)
- Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) are conducted in a clinical setting, testing the efficacy of an intervention (obvs in a clinical sample)
Important = obvs test completely different things
What were Wiers et al’s., conclusions for CBM interventions in proof-of-principle studies?
for AUD
- Important because they provide a basis for clinical trials
- But CBM only has a small, short-lived effect on drinking in student volunteers (not clinically relevant)
CBM in clinical trials?
Wiers er al. 2018
thus not the one part of the literature
Promising as an add-on intervention
For CBM specifically, what are five important differences between proof-of-principle studies (lab exp.), online RCTs and Clinical RCTs?
Wiers et al. 2018
Note that the last difference = summarized outcomes
(+ paper outcomes are not from the Wiers literature paper, but a later one)
Lab exp., online & clinical RCTs, respectively:
1. Purpose of study - Establish causality, CBM efficacy stand-alone, CBM efficacy add-on treatment
2. Participant awareness of receiving intervention - Not informed, informed x2
3. Participant motivation - Not motivated (to change behaviour), motivated x2
4. Treatment goal - N.A., reduction of use, abstinence
5. Outcomes - Effects on targeted bias (not generalizable, short-lived), reduced drinking, increased abstinence rates 1 year after discharge (10%)
What is CBM?
Cognitive Bias Modification; interventions aimed at changing cogntive biases
I think. they don’t actually give a definition
What is ABC training?
Patients are trained with personally relevant antecedent (prior) cues to make goal-relevant behavioural choices in light of their consequences:
- A = antecedent cues
- B = behavioural choices
- C = consequences
idk either man
