Lecture 4: Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

How many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 1

3

Question 2

How many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What happens if diaphragm moves up into the chest

Answer 3

loss of lung tissue = compromised lung pressure = compromised respiration = decreased thoracic pressure = lung collapse

Question 4

Gas exchange in lungs

Answer 4

• High oxygen concentration in capillary crosses to low oxygen concentration in blood
• carbon dioxide dissociates from RBC, crosses alveoli and expelled in respiration

Question 5

Structure of haemoglobin

Answer 5

4 polypeptide chains (2x alpha, 2x beta) each combined with a heme group

Question 6

Structure of heme molecule

Answer 6

N-containing ring with 4 Fe ions

Question 7

How many oxygen molecules does each Fe atom bind to

Answer 7

1

Question 8

How many oxygen molecules does a molecule of Haemoglobin bind to

Answer 8

4

Question 9

How is bicarbonate produced in body

Answer 9

Carbonic anhydrase combines with CO2 (from metabolism) to form a weak acid, then dissociates into chloride and bicarbonate

Question 10

What controls the overall amount of bicarbonate in body

Answer 10

Kidney

Question 11

What does the clearance of CO2 depend on

Answer 11

respiratory activity

Question 12

What controls pH

Answer 12

renal activity and respiratory activity

Question 13

What does an arterial blood gas analyser measure (3 things)

Answer 13

• pH
• CO2 pressure
• O2 pressure

Question 14

Kidney structure

Answer 14

cortex, surrounded a medulla with an inner cavity called the renal pelvis

Question 15

What is the functional unit of the Kidney

Answer 15

Nephron

Question 16

Where are nephrons in the kidney

Answer 16

Cortex and medulla

Question 17

What happens to waste products filtered by nephrons

Answer 17

collects in collecting duct, to urethra and bladder producing urine

Question 18

What leaves kidney filtrate in the ascending loop of Henle

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Where does kidney filtrate end up

Answer 19

In the collecting duct

Question 20

What products are reabsorbed from plasma in the proximal tubule (3 things)

Answer 20

• Proteins
• Amino acids
• Glucose

Question 21

Where is ~80% of filtered bicarbonate absorbed

Answer 21

Proximal tubule

Question 22

What is absorbed in the loop of Henle (3 things)

Answer 22

• Sodium
• Chloride
• Water

Question 23

What is the distal tubule responsible for

Answer 23

Regulation of the ionic balance of the body