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Hospital Placement > Lecture 3: Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Anatomy and Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the nervous system divided?
(structurally and functionally)

A

Structurally: CNS and PNS
Functionally: Somatic and Autonomic

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2
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

deals with actions that you think about

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

actions you do not have conscious control over

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4
Q

What makes up the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What makes up the PNS

A

nerves supplying electrical impulses to body

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6
Q

What are the lobes in the brain (5)

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Brain stem
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7
Q

Function of Frontal lobe

A

Consciousness

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8
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

Movement and stimulus perception

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9
Q

Function of Temporal lobe

A

Hearing and speech perception

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10
Q

Function of Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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11
Q

Function of Cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement

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12
Q

Function of Brain stem

A

Vital functions including breathing

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13
Q

What is the brain stem made of

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla
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14
Q

Route of nerves into and out of spinal cord

A
  • Motor neurons exit spine through dorsal root
  • Sensory neurons enter spinal cord through ventral root
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15
Q

Name 3 responses of sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Increase in brain activity
  • Increase in metabolic rate
  • Conversion of glucagon to glucose
  • Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
  • Inhibits bladder contraction
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16
Q

Name 3 responses of parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Decrease in metabolic rate
  • Stimulates saliva production
  • Contraction of bladder
  • Stimulates sexual arousal
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17
Q

Name 2 amino acid neurotransmitters

A
  • Glutamic acid
  • y-aminobutyric acid
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18
Q

Name 2 monoamine neurotransmitters

A
  • Acetylcholine
  • Serotonin
19
Q

Name 2 catecholamine neurotransmitters

A
  • Norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
20
Q

What is a divergent neurotransmitter

A

One transmitter acting on multiple receptors

21
Q

What is a convergent neurotransmitter

A

Different transmitters bind to own receptor by cause the same intracellular response via shared messenger systems

22
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Deoxygenated blood to lung from heart

23
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Oxygenated blood from lung to heart

24
Q

Coronary artery

A

Oxygenated blood to heart muscle

25
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Deoxygenated blood from brain, head and arms

26
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Deoxygenated blood from rest of body

27
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Oxygenated blood from heart to liver

28
Q

Portal vein

A

Deoxygenated blood from Liver to heart

29
Q

What is blood pressure influenced by (3 things)

A
  • Blood volume
  • Cardiac output
  • Vascular Resistance
30
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO= heart rate x stroke volume

Stroke volume is the amount of blood moved per contraction

31
Q

Normal arteriole blood pressure

A

Ventricular contraction = ~120 mmHg
Ventricular relaxation = ~70 mmHg

32
Q

What is ventricular contraction called

A

Systole

33
Q

What is ventricular relaxation called

A

Diastole

34
Q

What does blood pressure above 140 show

A

Hypertension

35
Q

What does blood pressure 160-170 show

A

Stroke or haemorrhaging

36
Q

Two types of circulatory shock

A
  • Hypovolemic = following haemorrhage
  • Cardiogenic = impairment of signals of heart for contraction
37
Q

What is the blood brain barrier

A

physical barrier controlling movement of solutes from systemic circulation into cerebral circulation

38
Q

Heart contraction pattern

A
  • impulses start at sino-atrial node
  • spreads in atria and down atrioventricular node
  • divides into left and right bundles of His
39
Q

What does the P wave show on an ECG

A

atrial contraction

40
Q

What does the QRS interval show on an ECG

A

ventricular conduction

41
Q

What does the T wave show on an ECG

A

Repolarisation

42
Q

How long is a normal QRS interval

A

~0.1s

43
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A
  • atria sends irregular rhythms
  • QRS interval not in regular rhythm
  • pumping of heart no longer effective
  • leads to development of clots/ stroke
44
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A
  • ventricles send random rhythms
  • needs electrical shock to get rhythm back

Hospital Placement (12 decks)

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