Lecture 4 - Amino acids and primary protein structure

Question 1

Zwitterion: what is it?

Answer 1

A molecule with a negative and positive side

Question 2

What is the difference between L-amino acid forms and D-amino acid forms?

Answer 2

L-amino acids are used in protein synthesis and is an enantiomers of D-amino acids

Question 3

Basic amino acid structure

Answer 3

H₂N-CH-COOH
\R

Question 4

The basic structure of amino acids

Answer 4

H₂N-CH-COOH
\R

Question 5

Glycine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 5

H

Gly

G

Question 6

Alanine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 6

CH₃

Ala

A

Question 7

Valine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 7

CH-CH₃
\CH₃

Val

V

Question 8

Isoleucine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 8

H₃C-CH-CH₂-CH₃

Ile

I

Question 9

Leucine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 9

R-CH₂-CH-CH₃-CH₃

Leu

L

Question 10

Proline: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 10

CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-NH₂⁺

This forms a heterocycle within the amino acid where the R group binds with the amine group

Pro

P

Question 11

Phenylalanine: R group, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 11

CH₂-benzene

Phe

F

Question 12

Tyrosine: R group, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 12

CH₂-benzene-OH

Tyr

Y

Question 13

Tryptophan: R group, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 13

CH₂ - C = CH - NH
⠀⠀⠀⠀\CH-CH/
lC₆H₆l
Trp

W

Question 14

Histidine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 14

CH₂-CH-NH=CH
⠀⠀⠀\CH-NH/

His

H

Question 15

Arginine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 15

CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-NH-C=NH₂⁺
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀\NH₂
Arg

R

Question 16

Lysine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 16

CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-NH₃⁺

Lys

K

Question 17

Threonine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 17

CH-CH₃
⠀⠀⠀\OH
Thr

T

Question 18

Serine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 18

CH₂-OH

Ser

S

Question 19

Methionine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 19

CH₂-CH₂-S-CH₃

Met

M

Question 20

Cysteine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 20

CH₂-SH

Cys

C

Question 21

Asparagine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 21

CH₂-C=O
⠀⠀⠀⠀\NH₂
Asn

N

Question 22

Glutamine: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 22

CH₂-CH₂-C=O
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀\NH₂
Gln

Q

Question 23

Aspartic acid: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 23

CH₂-C=O
⠀⠀⠀⠀\O⁻
Asp

D

Question 24

Glutamic acid: R group, an interesting fact, shortened form, and what is the fully shortened form?

Answer 24

CH₂-CH₂-C=O
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀\O⁻
Glu

E

Question 25

Aliphatic amino acids

Answer 25

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Proline

Question 26

Aromatic amino acids

Answer 26

Histidine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan

Question 27

Acidic amino acids

Answer 27

Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid

Question 28

Basic amino acids

Answer 28

Lysine, Arginine, Histidine

Question 29

Sulfuric amino acids

Answer 29

Cysteine, Methionine

Question 30

Hydroxylic amino acids

Answer 30

Threonine, Serine, Tyrosine

Question 31

Amidic amino acids

Answer 31

Glutamine, Asapargine