Lecture 4 AI Flashcards
What is the significance of an abnormal gene in genetics?
Causes an abnormal gene product leading to hereditary diseases.
Example: Huntington’s disease has a 100% chance of disease when the abnormal gene is present.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A model explaining the interaction between genetic vulnerability and life experiences in the development of psychiatric disorders.
1st hit: Genetic vulnerability; 2nd hit: Life experiences or stress.
List the risk factors associated with genetic vulnerability for psychiatric disorders.
- Enzyme slow metabolization of neurotransmitters
- Neurons migrated too far during development
- Incorrect deletion of synapses in adolescence
- Nerves fire too quickly when seeing a mother
- Nerves fire too quickly when using amphetamine
True or False: The risk of developing schizophrenia is solely determined by genetic factors.
False.
External factors like difficult childhood or toxic substances also influence the risk.
Fill in the blank: The risk of disease with genetic vulnerability is __________ for schizophrenia and __________ for depression.
relatively high; relatively low
What is excitotoxicity?
Overstimulation of neurons due to excessive glutamate leading to neuron destruction.
It results in psychiatric disorders.
What disorders are associated with overactive neurotransmission?
- Epilepsy
- Psychosis
- Panic disorder
What is the consequence of too little neurotransmission activity?
Loss of neurons leading to decreased neurotransmission, causing communication breakdown between neurons.
Associated with Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases.
What is the role of life experiences in the context of genetic vulnerability?
Life experiences act as a filter that interacts with genetic vulnerability factors, influencing the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders.
What are the classifications of stressors based on genetic predisposition?
- Minor stressors: Strong predisposition
- Moderate stressors: Partial predisposition
- Major stressors: No predisposition
What is the importance of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 in psychiatric disorders?
They provide standardized criteria for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
What environmental factors can contribute to the development of schizophrenia?
- Difficult childhood
- Divorce
- Virus exposure
- Toxic substances
What is the relationship between genetic vulnerability and depression?
Genetic vulnerability can contribute to depression, but environmental factors also play a significant role.
What are the components of genetic vulnerability?
- Personal factors
- Life events
- Personality traits
- Coping mechanisms
- Social support
