Lecture 4 - Abnormalities of Leukocytes Flashcards
Tests for leukocytes
blood smear and differential cell count
bone marrow biopsy
lymph node biopsy
What causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
What are clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis?
lymph nodes enlarged sore throat mild fever fatigue, malaise, headache trunk rash inc # lymphocytes with 10-20% abnormal cell shapes
Treatment of infectious mononucleosis?
Bed rest, analgesics, anti-inflam
Lymphadenopathy
enlarged or swollen node
caused by infection near or in lymph node
symptoms of leukemia
fatigue bleeding fever as night sweats weight loss infections large # of blood cells (WBCs)
How to test for leukemia
blood smear
bone marrow biopsy
Sign of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
inc # of precursor cells for monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes
sign of acute lumphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
inc # of precursor cells for lymphocytes
Treatment of Acute Leukemias
chemo rad bone marrow transplant (cure rate is very high because cells are very different from normal) 60-90% cure rate
What does chronic leukemia do?
Causes alterations in leukocytes late in the differentiation process
Individual dies slowly of infection or hemorrhage
What is characterized by a marked shortening of chromosome 22?
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Signs of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
shortened chome 22
inc # of myelogenous line precursors
(large number of mature neutrophils, myelocytes, promyelocytes, etc.)
signs of chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)
inc # lymphocyte precursors (mature and with large nuclei)
treatment of chronic leukemia
chemo rad bone marrow transplant (difficult to treat because malignant cells are so similar to normal cells) 20% cure rate
What is multiple myeloma?
neoplasm of B cells to bone of all but appendages
Clinical manifestations of Multiple Myeloma
bones that break easily areas of destruction of bone high amount immunoglobulins in blood kidney failure (from IgG blocking glomeruli)
Treatment for Multiple Myeloma
chemo
rad
generally fatal
clinical manifestations of malignant lymphomas
swelling of nodes mild fever (often night sweats) weakness sudden weight loss anemia
What’s the difference b/t Hodgkin’s and Non-H lymphoma?
Hodgkin’s has presence of polyploid cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) that produce T-Cell inhibitors
Cure rate 75% if early
Non does not. But has decreased B-cell and macrophage activity
cure rate 30%
however, may live 15 yrs no treatment
treatment of lymphomas
remove malignant tissues and nodes
chemo
rad
cure rate
