Lecture 4

Question 1

what are the 2 types of dietary recommendations?

Answer 1

1. nutrient-based: i.e. how much fibre or calcium you should consume
2. Food-based: dietary patterns since foods are usually served in certain combinations

Question 2

who establishes nutrition recommendations?

Answer 2

health institutes and organizations assemble expert committees to evaluate scientific evidence and establish recommended levels of a nutrient
-WHO
Institute of medicine
-Health organization
-Clinical practice groups

Question 3

DRIs

Answer 3

• a set of nutrient reference values for healthy populations that can be used for assessing and planning diets (considers age, gender)
• developed for healthy populations
• US Canada joint initiative
• based on scientific evidence
• available for all 6 classes of nutrients

Question 4

which DRI values are available for energy-yielding nutrients?

Answer 4

• EAR
• RDA
• AMDR

Question 5

which DRI values are available for other nutrients?

Answer 5

-EAR
_UL
_AI
-CDRR

Question 6

what do DRIs give?

Answer 6

-a range of recommendations, rather than just one level which allows for consideration of health risk of both over and under nutrition

Question 7

EAR

Answer 7

• used to address nutritional adequacy in a population
• the average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group

Question 8

RDA

Answer 8

• used to access nutritional adequacy of individuals
• the average daily dietary nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrition requirements of near all (97-98%) of healthy individuals

Question 9

the rda is always how many standard deviations away from the EAR?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

developing EAR

Answer 10

a marker of nutritional adequacy is determined to evaluate the biological effect of a nutrient in the body

Question 11

what is a depletion-repletion study? (developing EAR)

Answer 11

feeds subject diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of deficiency appear, then add nutrient back until symptoms disappear and health is restored

Question 12

what is a balance study? (developing EAR)

Answer 12

-a study that compares the total amount of a nutrient that enters the body with the total amount that leaves the body

Question 13

AI

Answer 13

the recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy people assumed to be adequate; used when RDA cannot be determined

Question 14

UL

Answer 14

the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

Question 15

which two types of energy intake recommendations can DRIs make?

Answer 15

1. estimated energy requirement: used to calculate calorie intake needed to maintain body weight
2. AMDR: a range of intakes for energy sources associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients

Question 16

what are the AMDRs for adults under 19 years?

Answer 16

carbs: 45-60%
protein: 10-35%
fat: 20-35%