Lecture 2 Flashcards
what is health promotion and disease prevention?
good nutrition through the lifespan can prevent chronic diseases
what is disease management?
nutritional interventions used to treat acute and chronic diseases and promote wellness in individuals with these conditions
Diet is most linked to which chronic conditions?
- type 2 diabetes
- cardiovascular diseases
Canadian Community Health Survey
- comprehensive survey of health
- general questions about diet asked each year
- questionnaire
- helps us understand what Canadians are eating so we know whether to intervene to improve their health
what are the energy yielding nutrients?
- carbs
- fats
- protein
what are the 6 classes of nutrients?
- carbs
- fats
- protein
- vitamins
- minerals
- water
what are essential nutrients?
those which our body can not make for itself
how does our body make non-essential nutrients?
from substrate already found in the body
what are calories?
a unit of energy
-kcal and cal are the same thing
what are vitamins?
essential, organic, noncaloric nutrients we need in small amounts
what are the two classes of vitamins?
- water soluble
- fat soluble
what are minerals?
-naturally occurring, inorganic chemicals elements
what are the two major classes of minerals?
- major minerals
- trace minerals (less than 5g stored in the body)
what are the two types of malnutrition?
- overnutrition
- undernutrition
what is overnutrition?
overconsumption of nutrients caused by excess amounts of nutrients or other dietary components in the diet
what is undernutrition?
-deficiencies of nutrients caused by: insufficient nutrient intake, increased nutritional requirements, impaired absorption of nutrients
what are some individual factors that influence food choices?
-cognitions
-skills
-lifestyle
biology (i.e. age)
-demographics (income, ethnicity)
what are some social factors that influence food choices?
family
friends
peers
what are some physical environmental that influence food choices?
-home, work sites, school, child-care, restaurants, supermarkets
what are some macro level environments that influence food choices?
- cultural norms and values
- food and beverage industry
- food production
- food assistance programs
what is the most common driver of food intake?
convenience of food and taste of food
what are the 5 principles of a nutritious diet (ABCMV)
- adequacy
- balance
- calorie control
- moderation
- variety
describe adequacy
- an adequate diet provides the right amount of energy
- enough macronutrients, vitamins and minerals to support life without being in excess
what is nutrient density?
- the amount of nutrients in a food per calorie of food
- a nutrient dense food contains more nutrients per calorie
- focus on optimizing diet quality
