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GLGY 209 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the sun radiate energy?

A

Due to continuous thermonuclear reactions at it’s interior

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2
Q

What atoms do the thermonuclear reactions combine?

A

Hydrogen atoms are combined to form helium

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3
Q

What does the lifecycle of a star depend on?

A

How long its hydrogen reserve lasts

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4
Q

How many years are left on the suns lifecycle?

A

12 billion years

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5
Q

Ganymede is the largest natural satellite in the solar system. Which is second?

A

Moon

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6
Q

Which planet is the moon the only natural satellite of?

A

Earth

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7
Q

What does the surface of the moon consist of?

A

Highlands (terrae) and depressions (marae)

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8
Q

What do the craters on the moon symbolize?

A

Severe meteorite bombardment.

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9
Q

Who discovered the terrae and marae of the moon?

A

Galileo

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10
Q

Because the moon has no atmosphere, what does this mean for it’s surface?

A

No erosion. The surface has remained unchanged since it’s formation (aside from meteorites).

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11
Q

What was Apollo 8?

A

The first mission which revolved around a different celestial body from Earth

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12
Q

What are Field craters (moon)?

A

No difference between the surrounding area and the middle of the crater.

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13
Q

What are Empty craters (moon)?

A

Huge hole in surface of the moon

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14
Q

How can we tell which craters (field or empty) are older?

A

Field ones are older as they had more time to move matter to the surface and fill it in.

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15
Q

What do the field craters demonstrate as a property of the moon?

A

Interior energy transferred as heat. Heat was then lost at a high rate, crust of the moon increased in thickness, making it so any new craters could not be filled in.

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16
Q

What was the main improvement made to the Apollo missions?

A

Gabe them geological training so they could actually take decent samples-Apollo 17 had a geologist.

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17
Q

How do we date craters?

A

With stable isotopes

18
Q

What are basalts?

A

The most frequent rocks in the solar system

19
Q

How do geologists classify planets?

A

3-fold

20
Q

What are the 3 classifications of planets?

A

Terrestrial, Jovian, and Icy

21
Q

What are some characteristics of terrestrial planets?

A

Small, rocky surface, thin atmosphere, closest to sun, small number of natural satellites, internal source of energy, craters found on surface

22
Q

Which planets are the terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

23
Q

What is the internal structure of the terrestrial planets?

A

Core-consists of molten iron (most dominant), and nickle. All have a rocky crust and mantle

24
Q

Which terrestrial planet has the densest craters?

A

Mercury

25
Q

What created the crators on venus?

A

Volcanoes.

26
Q

What created the mountains and canyons on Earth and mars?

A

Water erosion. Mars is currently not covered in water, but has subterranean water. Also has clouds.

27
Q

What are some characteristics of the Jovian planets?

A

Larger size, gaseous in appearance, thick atmosphere, rings, large number of natural satellites, smaller density than terrestrial planets

28
Q

Which planets are the Jovian planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

29
Q

What is the internal structure of the Jovian planets?

A

Core: Silicate and iron-same size as terrestrial planets.
Gases: Hydrogen and helium-get more compressed as you go from surface to core (liquid gas— solid gas)

30
Q

How many natural satellites does Jupiter currently have?

A

130

31
Q

What were the 2 moons of Jupiter mentioned in class?

A

Europa and Io

32
Q

What makes Io so special?

A

One of the three bodies of the solar system presenting volcanic activity similar to that of Earth (and Triton)

33
Q

What makes Europa so special?

A

Has a surface of ice-ocean is underneath that layer. Could host primitive life forms.

34
Q

What is Triton?

A

The largest satellite of Neptune. Has volcanoes that expel frozen hydrocarbons and water.

35
Q

Where are Asteroids situated?

A

The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

36
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

Small celestial bodies-irregularly shaped, suggesting they are fragments resulting from planetary collisions and explosions. Collide frequently with planets

37
Q

What is the largest asteroid?

A

Cyrus (1000 km in diameter)

38
Q

Where did asteroids originate (speculation)?

A

From a planet once orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter. Named Phaeton

39
Q

What is a nickname for Asteroids?

A

“Flying Mountains”

40
Q

The 2 moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos, are known as possibly being Asteroids. Why?

A

Due to their irregular shape and the fact that they rotate oppositely from natural satellites.

GLGY 209 (22 decks)

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