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GLGY 209 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What things is geology commonly associated with?

A

Rocks and minerals, oil and gas, maps.

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2
Q

Why do geologists associate geology with maps?

A

Because no geological study can start without them-they hold the key to the beginning of geology.

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3
Q

What was the first map a map of?

A

The afterlife-shows how the soul passes through different regions

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4
Q

What is the Papyrus?

A

Map of an area between the Nile and the dead sea-written during the reign of Ramesses the 4th. Showed entrances to gold mines, areas of sandstone that were mined, differences between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock

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5
Q

Who was the greatest Pharoh of Egypt?

A

Ramesses the 2nd.

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6
Q

What is the ancient root of science?

A

Astronomical observations-detailed charts of the night sky, solar calendars, moon calendars.

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7
Q

Who were some of the first to use astronomical knowledge and navigational skills to reach distant land marks?

A

The Polynesians in their colonization of the Pacific Islands.

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8
Q

Why was it so important that the Polynesians be error free in their transport of cargo?

A

Because they were not rich (like egypt).

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9
Q

What does the Sacara Pyramid tell us about the ancient Egyptians?

A

That they had mathematical and advanced geological knowledge, as every block of sandstone was the same from the base to the top.

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10
Q

What was Greek Rationalism?

A

An attempt to provide rational explanations of the astronomical objects and their movements without supernatural causes-used models of nature.

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11
Q

What are the models of nature?

A

Used to understand, explain, and predict natural reality (philosophers).

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12
Q

What are some of the findings of the Greeks? Are these findings central to Greece?

A

1st map of world, experiments, the emergence of life from inorganic substances, heliocentrism. No, they weren’t, but the Greeks kept good records.

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13
Q

What is the Machinery of Antikythera?

A

Machine that consists of 30+ gears, had markings used for navigation, mounted on ship heading to Rome in 100 AD.

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14
Q

Who came up with the Geocentric model of the Universe?

A

Ptolemy

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15
Q

Who discovered that the Earth is not flat?

A

Eratosthenes-calculated the radius of the Earth.

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16
Q

What was the geocentric model used for?

A

Navigation, as it was easier than the heliocentric model.

17
Q

What did we believe the moon was in the geocentric model?

A

An entirely different world from earth.

18
Q

What happened to Europe in the year 630?

A

Fell to the dark ages (till 1190). Period of no science, religion prevailed. ONLY happened in Europe

19
Q

During the dark ages, where was science transferred?

A

To the Arabs

20
Q

What kinds of science did the Arabs discover?

A

Astronomy, mathematics, medicine.

21
Q

What happened to lead to the Renaissance?

A

Jerusalem came out of Europes control in 1180 (reign of Saladin). Major advances in science, Europe realized that religion was catastrophic.

22
Q

Who was Copernicus and what did he discover? (Renaissance-1543)

A

Discovered heliocentrism-published a book about the rotation of celestial bodies, concluding that the sun is the centre of the solar system and moon rotates around Earth.

23
Q

Why did Copernicus set his book to be published AFTER death?

A

Due to repercussions from the religious community.

24
Q

Who was Galileo and what did he discover? (Renaissance-1610)

A

Used his primitive telescope to discover the mood had mountains, craters etc. Discovered Saturns rings, Jupiters satellites (Io, Callisto, Europa, Ganymede). Architecture of the universe was challenged.

25
Q

Who was Johannes Kepler and what did he discover?

A

Incredibly religious man-realized that the number of known planets matched the number of ideal geometric shapes. Asked, what if the orbit of the planets around sun matches the ideals of the 5 geometrical bodies. Said this could prove the existence of God. HOWEVER, he instead discovered that planets orbit in an Elipse.

26
Q

What are Kepler’s Laws?

A

Laws of planet movement around the sun, still used today.

27
Q

What book did Francis Bacon publish?

A

The New Method (1625), describing the scientific method as we still use it today.

28
Q

What was the year that modern science was born?

A

1660

29
Q

What was the Royal Society of London (1660)?

A

Represents modern science, established during restoration after the English Civil War. Science was defined as an independent human inquiry and became the only method to acquire and interpret data. Became independent from Art, Religion, and Philosophy.

30
Q

When was the Greek Antiquity period?

A

500BC-0

31
Q

When was the Roman Antiquity period?

A

0-630 AD

32
Q

When were the Dark ages?

A

630-1190 AD

33
Q

When did the Renaissance and Late Renaissance begin?

A

1200 and 1500

GLGY 209 (22 decks)

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