Lecture #4 Flashcards
What is metabolism? Catabolism? Anabolism?
○ Metabolism
§ The sum of all chemical processes needed to maintain the body
§ The efficiency at which your body uses energy is known as metabolic rate
§ Catabolic + anabolic
○ Catabolism
§ The body converts chemical energy from food (nutrients) into substances that can fuel the cells
§ The chemical energy from food is known as a calorie
§ The conversion of calories from nutrient into fuel the body can use as fuel is known as catabolism
○ Anabolism
“building up” getting bigger, going from a small structure to a larger one.
What is the chemical equation for the production of ATP and why is this a circular equation?
○ When a muscle contracts: ATP -> ADP + P + Energy
○ Replenishing ATP: ADP + P + Energy -> ATP
If we use the ATP, we need to replenish the ATP.
When we digest nutrients, which ones are broken down to form the refined energy (what are the energy nutrients)?
Proteins, fat, carbs— all have calories.
What are the basic components of the cell and what are their responsibilities?
○ Cell membrane
§ Regulate environment: selective permeability.
○ Nucleus
§ Command center, determines protein regulation
○ Cytoplasm
§ Gives cell shape and is where ATP synthetization is started.
○ Mitochondria
Location of aerobic ATP synthesis. Power plant of the cell.
What is selective permeability?
Selective permeability is a property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell. Movement across a selectively permeable membrane can occur actively or passively, such as water molecules moving passively through small pores in the membrane.
What are the three metabolic systems available for ATP synthesis?
○ Immediate energy system(ATP-PC)
○ Non-oxidative Energy system (Anaerobic glycolysis)
Oxidative energy system(Aerobic Phosphorylation)
What system provides us with our greatest work rate capability?
Oxidative energy system- doesn’t fatigue as fast
Which system benefits from the use of creatine supplementation?
It appears that creatine can get into the body through the consumption of animal flesh. When that isn’t enough, the body may produce it from within through the use of the amino acids glycine, arginine, and methionine in the liver and kidneys. In 1992, Harris R. produced a study demonstrating increases in muscular creatine storage as a result of the consumption of creatine. This increased athletic performance in “power athletes”. With that knowledge, this opens the possibility of creatine as an athletic supplement
Which energy system produces lactic acid? Why?
Anaerobic glycolysis
What is meant by capacity and fatigue rate of a system?
How fast the source depletes
What “fuels” can the oxidative energy system use for ATP synthesis?
Carbohydrates, fats, protein
Could you draw a graph which depicts the contribution of each energy system based on intensity and duration of activity?
atp store -> atp PC -> lactic acid -> aerobic (peak order)
What is the predominant fuel at rest and during prolonged exercise?
That would be fats
