Lecture #4

Question 1

Functions of the Circulatory System

Answer 1

1. Transport
2. Protection
3. Regulation

Question 2

Components of Blood

Answer 2

Blood: a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular martix

1. Plasma: matrix of the blood (yellow)
2. Formed elements: blood cell and cell fragments

4-6L

Question 3

Hematocrit

Answer 3

1. Erythrocytes are heaviest and settle first 37% to 52% tv
2. White blood cells and platelets 1%tv
   • Buffycoat
3. Plasma
   • 47%to63%
   • Complex mixture of water,
   proteins, nutrients, hormones, gases

Question 4

Blood Plasma

Answer 4

1. Plasma proteins
2. Nitrogenous compounds
3. Nutrients
4. Dissolved O2, CO2, and nitrogen
5. Electrolytes

Question 5

Viscosity

Answer 5

resistance of fluid flow

4.5-5.5 more viscous than water

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

Total molarity of dissolved particles that cannot pass through
the blood vessel wall

Question 7

Formed Elements

Answer 7

1. Erythrocytes RBC
2. Platelets
3. Leukocytes WBC

Question 8

Leukocytes contain

Answer 8

Granulocytes (with granules)

a) Neutrophils
b) Eosinophils
c) Basophils

Agranulocytes(w/out granules)

a) lymphocytes
b) Monocytes

Question 9

Erythrocytes (RBC) Functions

Answer 9

1. Carry oxygen from lungs to cell tissues

2. pick up co2 from tissues to lungs

Question 10

Hemoglobin

Answer 10

consist of 4 protein chains

2 a and 2b chains

Question 11

Regulation of Erythropoiesis

Answer 11

• negative feedback control

- stimuli for erythropoiesis (production of RBC)

Question 12

Hemolysis

Answer 12

Rupture of RBCs

Question 13

Hemoglobin Disposal

Answer 13

Regulated to prevent kidney failure

Question 14

Erythrocytes Disorders

Answer 14

Anemia = Deficiency In RBCs or hemoglobin

Polycythemia = excess RBCs

Question 15

Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 15

Causes:

1. lack of iron intake
2. blood loss
3. metabolic iron deficiency

Question 16

Antigens

Answer 16

Enables body to distinguish own cells from foreign(on surface of the cell)

Question 17

Antibodies

Answer 17

binds antigens

destruction

Question 18

Agglutination

Answer 18

bind 2 or more antigen molecules

Question 19

Transfusion incompatibility

Answer 19

Karl Landsteiner (Nobel Prize) 
Discovered blood types: A, B, and O

Question 20

Hemostasis

Answer 20

the cessation of bleeding

Question 21

Hemorrhage

Answer 21

excessive bledding

Question 22

Hemostatic mechanisms

Answer 22

1. Vascular spasm (1st)
2. Platelet plug formation (2nd)
3. Blood clotting (coagulation) (3rd)

Question 23

Platelet Form

Answer 23

small fragments of
megakaryocyte cells

Normal platelet count—130,000- 400,000 platelets/L

Question 24

1st - Vascular Spasm

Answer 24

Prompt constriction of broken vessel

Question 25

2nd - Platelet Plug formation

Answer 25

Platelet plug, Platelets bind, contract, pull walls of vessel
together

Question 26

3rd - Coagulatin (clotting)

Answer 26

most effective
Objective: convert fibrinogen to fibrin
sticky protein–adheres to wall so vessels seal

Question 27

Extrinsic

Answer 27

Initiated by clotting factors released from damaged blood vessel
• Fastest (2-6min)

Question 28

Intrinsic

Answer 28

Initiated by

clotting factors in the blood (plasma or platelets)