Lecture 4

Question 1

what is a “Point Source” category of pollution?

Answer 1

• A single, identifiable source of anthropogenic contamination that can be isolated and controlled
• Early environmental legislation of the 1970s
• Examples: smoke stacks, drainage pipes, nuclear power plant

Question 2

What is a “Non-Point Source” category of pollution?

Answer 2

A diffuse, unidentifiable source of anthropogenic contamination. Much harder to control

• Not legislatively included until 1990s
• Examples: Cows, row crops, a highway, general air pollution
• *Large things and multiple things**

Question 3

Page 3

Answer 3

:)

Question 4

describe Industrial Pollutants (3)

Answer 4

• Leaking oil from ships, mining acid pools, chemical manufacturing, metal waste from car manufacturing
• Industrial waste is poorly handled by sewage treatment
• Oceans more affected, Freshwater more sensitive

Question 5

Describe where the Animas River is and what happened here and why it was so important

Answer 5

page 5 :)

Question 6

Discharge into Atmosphere is primarily from….

Answer 6

• combustion activities, organic breakdown
• Greenhouse Gases
• CO2 from combustion
• Cows emit up to 500 L of CH4 per day! • -Acid Rain

Question 7

describe Ozone/Smog

Answer 7

• Fossil emissions, smoke, particulate
• Ozone: CO2 & NOX are ionized by sunlight to form O3
• O3 aggravates asthma, allergies, lung irritation

Question 8

describe CFCs/Ozone

Answer 8

• CFC flame retardant & coolant

* Sorbs to ice particles in winter, aerosolized in spring

Question 9

the EPA, CWA, CAA, ad ESA all came about because of which president?

Answer 9

Nixon

Question 10

what does COD stand for ?

Answer 10

chemical oxygen demand

Question 11

what is the equation for respiration? (backwards photosynthesis)

Answer 11

O2+C6H12O6–> H2O + CO2

Question 12

What BOD stand for? describe what this is

Answer 12

Biological Oxygen Demand

-how much dissolved oxygen needs to be present for bacteria to break down 1L of sewage

Question 13

what is so special about the Gulf Dead Zone

Answer 13

• there is lots of organic material to break down but not enough oxygen
• there is functionally no dissolved oxygen in the dead zone

Question 14

what is oil?

Answer 14

a bunch of sugar just strung together differently

Question 15

what is pyrite?

Answer 15

fools gold

Question 16

what is permafrost?

Answer 16

a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions.
*don’t know if I need to know this or not

Question 17

man made chemicals

Answer 17

xenobiotic

Question 18

At what temperature is water the most dense?

Answer 18

4 degrees Celsius

-the molecules are packed together the tightest and can fit more oxygen

Question 19

finish this reaction:

H2O + NaCl–>

Answer 19

HCl + NaOH

Question 20

what is mineralization?

Answer 20

decomposition or oxidation of the chemical compounds in organic matter into plant-accessible forms
*don’t know if need to know this or not

Question 21

What does Labile mean?

Answer 21

being released into the environment and easily transitioning

Question 22

what does thermohaline mean

Answer 22

thermo means temperature and haline means salt.

Question 23

what is the Quantification of Release for Kyoto 1992

Answer 23

Reduce CO2 to 1990 levels by 200

Question 24

what is the quantification of release for Paris 2015

Answer 24

Limit CO2 so as to incur no more than 2 degrees Celsius increase