lecture 4

Question 1

what do mucous membranes line

Answer 1

internal tubes which open to the exterior.
i.e. the alimentary tract
the respiratory tract
the urinary tract

Question 2

what is the mucous membrane made of

Answer 2

in resp and urinary: lumen, epithilium then lamino propria

urinary; lumen, epithilium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Question 3

SEROUS MEMBRANES description

Answer 3

thin, two-part membranes which line certain
closed body cavities
They envelop the viscera

Question 4

what do serous membranes line

Answer 4

They line the peritoneum–> abdominal organs.
the pleural sacs –> lungs.
the pericardial sac –> heart.
serosae secrete a lubricating fluid which promotes friction-free movement of the structures they surround

Question 5

what is the serous membrane made of

Answer 5

simple squamous epithelium –>secretes a watery lubricating fluid.

connective tissue–>attaches epithelium totissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves).

Question 6

describe parietal and visceral serosa

Answer 6

parietal is outer, lubricating fluid, visceral is inner layer

Question 7

describe the alimentary canal

Answer 7

oesophagus, stomach, small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum

Question 8

how many layers does gut wall have

Answer 8

the mucosa (innermost)
the submucosa
external muscle layers (muscularis externae)
the serosa (outermost).

Question 9

what is mucosa made of

Answer 9

Muscularis mucosae
Lamina propria (Aggregations of lymphocytes found)
Epithelium

Question 10

describe submucosa

Answer 10

connective tissue with glands, arteries, veins and nerve

Question 11

describe muscularis externa

Answer 11

Outer longitudinal layer
Inner circular layer
successive peristaltic waves to move luminal contents along the gut

Question 12

layers in oesophagus

Answer 12

lumen, mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, Adventitia – thin outermost layer of connective tissue

Question 13

epithilium in oesophagus

Answer 13

stratified squamous non-keratinized as it withstands abrasion

Question 14

describe stomach layers

Answer 14

R = rugae, folds of gastric mucosa forming longitudinal
ridges in empty stomach
M = gastric mucosa (secretes acid, digestive enzymes, and gastrin
MM = muscularis mucosae
SM = submucosa
ME = muscularis externa (3 layers of smooth muscle in stomach; oblique, circular and longitudinal)

Question 15

describe jejunum

Answer 15

M = jejunal mucosa ( simple columnar epithelium + lamina propria + MM made of inner circular and outer-longitudinal
SM = submucosa
ME = muscularis externa

Question 16

Plicae circulares

Answer 16

circular folds of mucosa and submucosa project into gut lumen

Question 17

colon description (large intestine)

Answer 17

Mucosa; lymphoid tissue, numerous cypts of lieberkuhn
submucosa
Muscularis externa

Question 18

parts of the respiratory tract

Answer 18

conducting portion: nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, Respiratory portion: bronchioles, aveoli

Question 19

trachea tissues

Answer 19

E= Epithelium; LP = Lamina propria;
SM = Submucosa with seromucous glands
C shaped cartilage ring

Question 20

a bronchus tissue

Answer 20

epithilia: pseudo stratified ciliated
smooth muscle
glands in submucosa
cartilage

Question 21

alveoli tissue

Answer 21

ciliated columnar/ cuboidal and smooth muscle

Question 22

types of alveoli

Answer 22

Type I cells (squamous) cover 90% of surface area
and permit gas exchange with capillaries

Type II cells (cuboidal) cover 10% of surface area and produce surfactant.

Gas exchange occurs across blood-air barrier.

Question 23

urinary tract

Answer 23

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 24

tissue of ureter

Answer 24

Transitional epithelium
fibroelastic lamina propria
circular muscularis externa

Question 25

bladder wall tissue

Answer 25

TE = transitional epithelium.
SM = smooth muscle in lamina propria..
ME = muscularis externa (3 interwoven layers).

Question 26

function of bladder epithilium

Answer 26

Impermeability to urine conferred by thick plasma membrane & intercellular tight junctions.
distention

Question 27

size of male and female urethra

Answer 27

20cm, 3/4cm