lecture 4

Question 1

What is the branching of the Abdominal aorta

Answer 1

The abdominal aorta branches into left and right common iliac aa, which then branches into left and right internal and external iliac aa

Question 2

What are the 3 branches of the internal iliac artery

Answer 2

Obturator, superior gluteal, and inferior gluteal aa

Question 3

What does the obturator artery supply

Answer 3

the acetabular branch provides an artery to the head of the femur through the ligamentum teres (artery to the ligamentum teres)

Question 4

What does the superior gluteal artery supply

Answer 4

gluteal muscles

Question 5

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply

Answer 5

gluteus maximus, and muscles that attach to the ischial tuberosity

Question 6

What 5 structures must be avoided when giving a gluteal injection

Answer 6

Superior gluteal A and N, inferior gluteal A and N, and the sciatic N. Draw a line from the PSIS to the greater trochanter and inject above it to avoid all of them

Question 7

Where does the femoral artery travel

Answer 7

The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery when it passes under the inguinal ligament. It then passes through the femoral triangle, penetrates the adductor hiatus to the posterior thigh and is now the popliteal artery.

Question 8

What are the 3 main branches off the femoral artery

Answer 8

Superficial epigastric, profunda femoris (deep femoral), and external pudendal aa

Question 9

What does the profunda femoris supply

Answer 9

Descends to supply much of the adductor compartment

Question 10

What does the external pudendal aa supply

Answer 10

Runs medially over the spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus to supply the external genitalia

Question 11

Where are the superficial epigastric aa

Answer 11

Run subcutaneously and superiorly to the umbilicus to supply the superficial fascia and anastomoses with the inferior epigastric

Question 12

Where do the lateral and medial femoral circumflex aa branch from and travel to

Answer 12

They both branch from either the femoral or deep femoral artery. (yay anatomic variation) They supply the head and neck of the femur, with the medial being the more important of the two

Question 13

Why is the head of the femur so easy to damage

Answer 13

Because it has a limited blood supply from the medial femoral circumflex artery through the vessels that travel through the epiphyseal plate.

Question 14

Where is the popliteal artery

Answer 14

It’s the continuation of the femoral artery from the adductor hiatus to inferior border of the popliteal fossa in the back of the knee (it’s the posterior tibial artery once it crosses inferior border of popliteus muscle)

Question 15

What are the main branches of the popliteal artery

Answer 15

posterior tibial artery and eventually the fibular artery

Question 16

What are the main branches off the posterior tibial artery

Answer 16

Anterior tibial and fibular aa

Question 17

What does the fibular artery supply

Answer 17

The lateral compartment of the leg

Question 18

What does the posterior tibial artery supply

Answer 18

The posterior compartment of the leg

Question 19

What does the anterior tibial artery supply

Answer 19

Travels through a gap in the interosseus membrane to supply the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 20

How does the tibial artery terminate

Answer 20

It splits into medial and lateral plantar arteries after it wraps around the medial malleolus

Question 21

What do the medial and lateral plantar aa supply

Answer 21

The sole of the foot

Question 22

how does the anterior tibial artery terminate

Answer 22

It turns into the dorsalis pedis artery, which is a palpable pulse on dorsum of the foot and branches to supply the toes

Question 23

Where is the popliteal fossa

Answer 23

Between the lower tendons of hamstrings and heads of the gastrocnemius

Question 24

What travels through the popliteal fossa

Answer 24

popliteal A and V, tibial and common fibular nn, lymph nodes

Question 25

What is a common pathology of the popliteal fossa

Answer 25

popliteal artery suffers from vasoconstriction

Question 26

What forms the femoral triangle

Answer 26

Inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus

Question 27

What travels trough the femoral triangle

Answer 27

Femoral A, V, N, inguinal lymph nodes, great saphenous V. Remember NAVEL

Question 28

What is a femoral hernia

Answer 28

When some intestine passes through the femoral canal under the inguinal ligament. It presents as a bulge or lump in the area of the femoral triangle

Question 29

What is the difference between a reducible and strangulated hernia

Answer 29

Reducible hernias the intestine is able to slide freely whereas strangulated it is trapped and irritates neighboring tissues

Question 30

What is standard treatment for a femoral hernia

Answer 30

surgery.

Question 31

What is the significant superficial vein in the lower limb

Answer 31

the long (great) saphenous vein which runs medially along thigh and leg. It’s often used as a source of bypass vessels

Question 32

What is the main path of return for blood

Answer 32

most blood (90%) returns to the heart via deep veins, many of which follow deep arteries

Question 33

what are perforating vv

Answer 33

veins that connect deep and superficial vv

Question 34

What are varicose vv

Answer 34

valves in perforating vv become incompetent and blood pools, looking ugly. So docs will inject a stenosing agent and rip them out upon request.

Question 35

What are the most important lymphatics of the lower limb

Answer 35

The popliteal lymph nodes at the back of the knees and the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the femoral triangle

Question 36

Who’s going to ace their Anatomy Midterm?

Answer 36

ME!