lecture 4 Flashcards
What is the branching of the Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta branches into left and right common iliac aa, which then branches into left and right internal and external iliac aa
What are the 3 branches of the internal iliac artery
Obturator, superior gluteal, and inferior gluteal aa
What does the obturator artery supply
the acetabular branch provides an artery to the head of the femur through the ligamentum teres (artery to the ligamentum teres)
What does the superior gluteal artery supply
gluteal muscles
What does the inferior gluteal artery supply
gluteus maximus, and muscles that attach to the ischial tuberosity
What 5 structures must be avoided when giving a gluteal injection
Superior gluteal A and N, inferior gluteal A and N, and the sciatic N. Draw a line from the PSIS to the greater trochanter and inject above it to avoid all of them
Where does the femoral artery travel
The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery when it passes under the inguinal ligament. It then passes through the femoral triangle, penetrates the adductor hiatus to the posterior thigh and is now the popliteal artery.
What are the 3 main branches off the femoral artery
Superficial epigastric, profunda femoris (deep femoral), and external pudendal aa
What does the profunda femoris supply
Descends to supply much of the adductor compartment
What does the external pudendal aa supply
Runs medially over the spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus to supply the external genitalia
Where are the superficial epigastric aa
Run subcutaneously and superiorly to the umbilicus to supply the superficial fascia and anastomoses with the inferior epigastric
Where do the lateral and medial femoral circumflex aa branch from and travel to
They both branch from either the femoral or deep femoral artery. (yay anatomic variation) They supply the head and neck of the femur, with the medial being the more important of the two
Why is the head of the femur so easy to damage
Because it has a limited blood supply from the medial femoral circumflex artery through the vessels that travel through the epiphyseal plate.
Where is the popliteal artery
It’s the continuation of the femoral artery from the adductor hiatus to inferior border of the popliteal fossa in the back of the knee (it’s the posterior tibial artery once it crosses inferior border of popliteus muscle)
What are the main branches of the popliteal artery
posterior tibial artery and eventually the fibular artery
What are the main branches off the posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial and fibular aa
What does the fibular artery supply
The lateral compartment of the leg
What does the posterior tibial artery supply
The posterior compartment of the leg
What does the anterior tibial artery supply
Travels through a gap in the interosseus membrane to supply the anterior compartment of the leg
How does the tibial artery terminate
It splits into medial and lateral plantar arteries after it wraps around the medial malleolus
What do the medial and lateral plantar aa supply
The sole of the foot
how does the anterior tibial artery terminate
It turns into the dorsalis pedis artery, which is a palpable pulse on dorsum of the foot and branches to supply the toes
Where is the popliteal fossa
Between the lower tendons of hamstrings and heads of the gastrocnemius
What travels through the popliteal fossa
popliteal A and V, tibial and common fibular nn, lymph nodes
What is a common pathology of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery suffers from vasoconstriction
What forms the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus
What travels trough the femoral triangle
Femoral A, V, N, inguinal lymph nodes, great saphenous V. Remember NAVEL
What is a femoral hernia
When some intestine passes through the femoral canal under the inguinal ligament. It presents as a bulge or lump in the area of the femoral triangle
What is the difference between a reducible and strangulated hernia
Reducible hernias the intestine is able to slide freely whereas strangulated it is trapped and irritates neighboring tissues
What is standard treatment for a femoral hernia
surgery.
What is the significant superficial vein in the lower limb
the long (great) saphenous vein which runs medially along thigh and leg. It’s often used as a source of bypass vessels
What is the main path of return for blood
most blood (90%) returns to the heart via deep veins, many of which follow deep arteries
what are perforating vv
veins that connect deep and superficial vv
What are varicose vv
valves in perforating vv become incompetent and blood pools, looking ugly. So docs will inject a stenosing agent and rip them out upon request.
What are the most important lymphatics of the lower limb
The popliteal lymph nodes at the back of the knees and the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the femoral triangle
Who’s going to ace their Anatomy Midterm?
ME!
