Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius
O:ASIS
I:medial surface of upper tibia (pes anserine)
What is the origin and insertion of the rectus femoris
O: AIIS
I: tibial tuberosity via patella
What is the Origin and Insertion of the vastus laterals and vastus medialis
O: Linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via patella
What is the origin and insertion of the vastus intermedius
O: upper anterior femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patella
What innervates the muscles in the anterior thigh
Femoral nerve
What is the origin and insertion of the pectineus, adductor longus and adductor brevis
O: Pubis
I: linea aspera
What is the action of the pectineus, adductor longus and adductor brevis
Adduct, flex femur
What is the innervation of the pectineus
Femoral nerve
What is the innervation of the thigh adductor muscles
Obturator N.
What is the origin and insertion of the adductor magnus
O: pubis, ischium
I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
What is the innervation of the adductor magnus
sciatic and obturator nn
What is the action of the adductor magnus
Adductor femur and extend femur
What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: upper medial tibia (Pes anserine)
What is the origin and insertion of the semimebranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
What is the action of the semitendinosus and semimebranosus
Extend femur, flex and medially rotate leg
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity (long head), line aspera (short head
I: head of fibula
What is the action of the biceps femoris
Flex and laterally rotate the leg, the long head also extends the femur
What are the movements at the knee
Flexion/extension, varus /valgus, external/internal rotation
What is the pes anserine
Common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus
What is the attachment for the pes anserine
Medial tibia, deep fascia of the leg
What are two roles of the pes anserine
For sure it helps stabilize the knee during partial flexion, it may also provide proprioceptive information for the coordination of the leg muscles
What is a common pathology of the pes anserine
Pes anserine bursitis is a common source of knee pain in active young adults and osteoarthritic elderly
What are the bones in the knee joint
Femur, tibia, patella. While the fibula is there, it is not real part of the joint.
What is the role of the patella
Provide a lever or pulley surface for magnifying pulling forces across the knee
What is interesting about the patella
It is a sesamoid bone and is not crucial for knee function
What type of joint is the knee
Synovial joint between the femur and tibia, and between the patella and femur
what is a common pathology of the knee
Chondromalacia
Where is the anterior cruciate ligament
Anterior tibia to inner surface of lateral femoral condyle
Where is the posterior cruciate ligament
Posterior tibia to inner surface of medial femoral condyle
What is the role of the posterior and anterior crucial ligaments
To prevent posterior and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. The anterior limits hyperextension as well
Where is the patellar ligament/tendon
A continuation of the quadriceps tendon, it continues anteriorly from patella to insert on tibial tuberosity
Where is the fibular collateral ligament
lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
Where is the tibial collateral ligament
Medial femoral condyle to medial tibia, below the tibial condyle. attached to the medial meniscus and articular capsule
What is the role of the collateral ligaments of the knee
Limit medial and lateral rotation as well as resist varus and valgus forces
How many menisci are in the knee
There are 2 C-shaped menisci, medial and lateral
What is The Terrible Triad
Torn ACL, MCL, and MM, usually from a lateral force to the knee when the foot is externally rotated
What is the oblique popliteal ligament
An extension of the semimembranosus, this ligament strengthens the posterior articular capsule as well as forms the floor of the popliteal fossa
What are the 4 bursas in the knee
Suprapatellar (between femur and quad tendon) pre patellar (housemaid’s knee), infrapatellar (clergyman’s knee), and semimebranosus (baker’s cyst)
How does one “lock the knee”
In full extension, rotate the femur medially on the tibia
How does one ‘unlock the knee’
the femur is laterally rotated on the tibia by the popliteus muscle, enabling normal function
What are the risks and benefits to locking a knee
It allows stabilizing muscles to relax but puts extra compression on the medial and lateral menisci
