Lecture 4 Flashcards
Why does present focus matter?
Negative thoughts are related to future or past.
This concept highlights the importance of focusing on the present to mitigate depressive and anxious feelings.
What is rumination?
Depressive feelings.
Rumination involves repeatedly thinking about distressing situations, which can exacerbate depression.
What is worry?
Anxiety.
Worrying typically involves concerns about future events, contributing to anxiety.
What is media multitasking?
Concurrent use of two or more media streams.
Examples include studying while listening to music or texting during lectures.
What are some reasons people engage in media multitasking?
- Help with time pressure
- Getting more things done at once
- Trying to deal with multiple deadlines
- Relieve boredom
- Out of habit
- Easy access via devices
These reasons indicate how modern technology influences behavior.
What are the problems associated with media multitasking?
- Increased lapses in attention
- Mind goes off task multiple times
- Difficulty filtering out irrelevant information
Media multitasking can hinder cognitive performance and concentration.
True or False: High media multitaskers are more efficient.
False.
Research indicates that high media multitaskers perform worse on tasks requiring attention.
What was the focus of Experiment A regarding media multitasking?
Participants had to identify whether numbers were odd or even and if other numbers were larger or smaller than 5.
This experiment measured task-switching efficiency in media multitaskers.
How does media multitasking impact university students?
- Perform worse when texting in class
- Spend an average of 37/100 minutes browsing non-class relevant websites
- Non-academic internet use is associated with lower ACT scores and motivation
- More social media use in class correlates with lower grades
These findings suggest that media multitasking negatively affects academic performance.
What is mindfulness?
Present moment awareness.
Mindfulness involves purposeful attention to one’s internal and external experiences.
List the components of mindfulness.
- Non-judgmental stance
- Non-reactivity
- Acceptance
- Beginner’s mind
Each component contributes to the overall practice and understanding of mindfulness.
What does a non-judgmental stance in mindfulness entail?
Noticing experiences without labeling them as good or bad.
This approach encourages acceptance of thoughts as they are, without self-criticism.
What is non-reactivity in mindfulness?
Leaving space between experiences and reactions.
It involves observing thoughts and feelings without becoming overwhelmed by them.
Fill in the blank: The practice of placing a thought on a leaf and watching it go by is known as _______.
Leaves on a stream.
This imagery technique helps in letting go of intrusive thoughts.
What is acceptance in mindfulness?
Allowing experience as it really is and letting go of ‘should’ statements.
Acceptance fosters a more realistic view of one’s experiences.
What does ‘beginner’s mind’ refer to in mindfulness?
Approaching the present moment as a novice open to learning.
This mindset encourages curiosity and openness to new experiences.
What are the psychological benefits of trait mindfulness?
- Linked to wellbeing
- Helps get out of negative events quickly
- Assists in dealing with stress
- Aids in emotion regulation
These benefits illustrate how mindfulness can enhance overall mental health.
What is the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale?
A unidimensional measure primarily assessing present moment focus.
This scale is used to evaluate mindfulness as a trait.
What is the Five Factor of Mindfulness?
- Observing
- Describing
- Acting with awareness
- Non-judging
- Non-reactive
This multidimensional measure captures various aspects of mindfulness.
How does mindfulness practice affect interpersonal relationships?
More mindful people are less likely to ostracize others.
Mindfulness fosters empathy and inclusivity in social interactions.
What is the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program?
An eight-week workshop conducted by certified trainers.
It includes weekly group meetings and a retreat to learn mindfulness practices.
What are the effects of mindfulness interventions on physical functioning?
- Decrease pain
- Improve coping
- Higher functioning for those with chronic pain
Mindfulness can lead to better management of physical health issues.
What was the outcome of the mindfulness intervention for unemployed individuals?
It lowered stress more than a relaxation intervention.
This suggests mindfulness is more effective for stress reduction in this context.
How does mindfulness impact cognitive functioning?
- Helps with depression
- Avoids relapse
- Increases positive affect
- Decreases negative affect
- Improves sustained attention
- Enhances problem-solving
These cognitive benefits highlight the effectiveness of mindfulness in mental health.
