Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 141 Exam > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell theory

A

It is a thoery that states that all organisms consist of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do Eukaryotes include?

A

It includes plants, protists and fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do Prokaryotes include?

A

It includes bacteria and arhcae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s bigger Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do prokaryotes divide

A

Binary fission, no spindle involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is DNA like in Prokaryotes

A

It is is circular with no proteins, and in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dna like in Eukaryotes?

A

It is associated with histone(proteins) and formed into chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structues are always present in Prokaryotes?

A

The structures that are are always present are cytoplasm, ribsiomes, plasmids, cell wall and cell surface membrance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structure are sometimes present in Prokaryotes?

A

Flagellum, Pili, Infolding cell surface membrance, and flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is DNA supercoiled in Prokaryotes

A

It is tightly fitted so more DNA can be packaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do internal photosynthetic membranes develop?

A

They develop from infoldings of plasma membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do internal photosynthetic membranes?

A

They contain enzymes and pigement molecules required for reactions to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are organelles

A

Internal comparments within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Flagella

A

long filaments that rotate to propel the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Fimbriae

A

They are needle like projects that promote attachment to other cells or surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What specialized structures do plant cells have?

A

Vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Vacuoles do

A

Digest and recycle macro molecules, storage for water and ions, they aref illed with proteins, they contian pigments in flowers and contain noxious componds to protect leaves and stems from beign eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

It is a double membrane that surrouns the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the nuclear lamia

A

Lattice like sheet of fibrous proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the nucleolus

A

It is a distinct region where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

complex molecular machines that manafacture protein

22
Q

What do ribosomes that are free in cytosol do

A

They manafacture protein that stay in the cytosol or go to other organelles

23
Q

What do ribosomes that are attached to endoplasmic reticulum do

A

manafacture proteins that are meant for other stuff

24
Q

What is the endoplasmic Reticulum

A

They are extensive membrane- enclosed factory that is continuous with nuclear envelope

25
Q

What are part of the ER

A

rough and smooth ER

26
Q

What is the difference between Smooth ER and rough ER

A

The smooth Er contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids and the rough ER contains ribsomes that are shipped to other orgnaelle, plasma membrnae or secreted out the exterior of the cell

27
Q

What happens after proteins are manafactured on the RER

A

they move to the lumen and are folded and processed

28
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do

A

The golgi apparatus processes, sorts and ships proteins that are synthesized in the rough ER

29
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus formed by?

A

It is formed by flat membranous sacs called cisternae,

30
Q

What are the parts of the Cisternae?

A

The cis which is closest to the nucleus recieves products from the rough ER and the rans part that is connected with the plasma membrane ships the products out to other organelles.

31
Q

What are lysoenzymes

A

They are recylcing centers found in animals cells

32
Q

What is the digestive enzyme inside lysoenzymes called

A

They are called acid hydrolase

33
Q

What are peroxisomes

A

They are the center of the reduction-oxidation( redox reactions)

34
Q

What are glycoxysomes

A

they ar eplant peroxisomes that oxidixe fats to form energy storage compounds

35
Q

What is the mitochonidra

A

It supplies ATP to cells

36
Q

what are the two membranes of the mitochondria.

A

The inner membrane is folded into series of sac like cristae and the outer membrane defines the organelles surface

37
Q

What does the mitochondira being prone to fusion and fission mean?

A

It results in either elongated and barnches structures called mitochondiral networks or multiple individual organelles

38
Q

What is the name of the mitochondrial DNA

A

mtdna

39
Q

What are the parts of a chloroplast

A

They have thylakoids, grana and stroma

40
Q

What is the inner most membrane

A

The innermost memrbane are called thylakoids

41
Q

What are thylakoids arranged in?

A

They are arranged in stacks called grana

42
Q

Describe the Endosymbiotic theory

A

it basically suggest that mitochondria and chloroplast were there own cells and fre e living bacteria but were engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotes and were not destroyed because they devloped an endosymbiotic relationship.

42
Q

What are the surroundign strucutres

A

The stroma

43
Q

What does the nuclear envolope have that helps with nucelar transport

A

Nuclear pore complexes

44
Q

How do molecules enter the nucleus

A

They enter the nucleus through nuclear pores and they contain a 17 amino acids long nuclear localization signal(NLS) which marks proteins for tansport through nulcear pore comples

45
Q

Describe the the secretory pathway

A

Proteins enter the rough ER while being snythesized by ribosomes and is proceesed then proteins exit ER inside a cesicle and neters the cis part of the Golgi and after it eneters the Golgi it is further modifid and after it leaves the golgi in a vesicle it goes to the oplasma membrane and then it secreted from the cell

46
Q

In the pulse chase experiment what si the pulse

A

It radiolabels cells by exposing cells to modified amino acids for short time

47
Q

What is the chase:

A

It is when the modified amino acids have been washed away.

48
Q

After pulse where are the new synthesized protein

A

In the rough ER

49
Q

What is happening during chase

A

Labeled proteins have left RER and entered the Golgi apparatus.

BIO 141 Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions