Lecture 1

Question 1

What is a hypothesis

Answer 1

An explanation to an observation backed with little evidence

Question 2

What is a theory

Answer 2

explanation of some part of the natural phenomenon, that is based on fact or law and is heavily supported.

Question 3

What is a law

Answer 3

explanation of a natural phenomenon

Question 4

What is a fact

Answer 4

a statement that is firmly supported by evidence and assumed to be true.

Question 5

polar bond

Answer 5

electron is shared equally

Question 6

nonpolar bonds

Answer 6

electron is shared unequally

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

electron is transferred

Question 8

hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

Bond between Hydrogen and Oxygen, Fluorine, or Nitrogen

Question 9

boiling point propert of hydrogen bonding

Answer 9

Because hydrogen bonds are very strong it holds H2O molecules more strongly from going into gaseous state, causing water to have a high boiling point.

Question 10

cohesion property due to hydrogen bonding

Answer 10

Because hydrogen bonds are very strong, and water molecules are strongly bonded to each other, it gives water molecules a strong cohesive property.

Question 11

Solubility property due to polarity

Answer 11

Because water is polar it allows for polar molecules to dissolve in it.

Question 12

Adhesion property due to polarity

Answer 12

Because water is polar, when put in a container such as glass that is also polar, water is attracted to it, causing it to attach to it strongly.

Question 13

what is the pH scale

Answer 13

Measure of how many hydrogen ions there are in something

Question 14

The higher the pH

Answer 14

the lower concentration of hydrogen ions, and more basic

Question 15

the lower the pH

Answer 15

the higher the concentration of hydrogens and the more acidic

Question 16

formula to calculate pH

Answer 16

pH= -log(H+ ions)

Question 17

As pH increases

Answer 17

the concentration of Hydrogen ions decrease by a factor of 10

Question 18

what aquires protons

Answer 18

Bases

Question 19

what gives up protons

Answer 19

Acids

Question 20

What is the Stanley Miller’s Experiment?

Answer 20

An experiment where early earth was simulated with a solution of simple molecules, and it was trying to be seen whether complex macro molecules would result when kinetic energy(lighting) and simple molecules interacted in early earth.

Question 21

Reactants in Stanley Miller’s Experiment

Answer 21

H2O, Methane, Ammonia, and CO2

Question 22

Results of Stanley Miller’s Experiement

Answer 22

Amino Acid(gylicne), Formaldehyde, Hydrogen cyline

Question 23

Relationship with earths early prebiotic chemistry and origin of complex molecules

Answer 23

an iron-rich asteroid would be enough to transiently reduce the entire prebiotic atmosphere, resulting in a Miller-Urey H2-,CH4-, and NH3-dominated atmosphere that persists for millions of years.”

Question 24

What is Wogen Et AL model

Answer 24

A showplace of how an asteroid with an Iron core hitting earth would firstly result in the oceans evaportating , and H2 being generated, over a 1000 years , the steam cools and an ocean condenses, equilibration between H2, N2 and CO2 makes cH4 and NH3. And finally over, a course of million years photochemistry of N2 and CH4 photochemistry generates nitriles and H2 escapes to space.

Question 25

How is the Wogen Et Al Model to the stanley miller experiment

Answer 25

It shows how the simple molecules used in the Stanley miller experiment could be present in early earth.