Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

An explanation to an observation backed with little evidence

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2
Q

What is a theory

A

explanation of some part of the natural phenomenon, that is based on fact or law and is heavily supported.

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3
Q

What is a law

A

explanation of a natural phenomenon

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4
Q

What is a fact

A

a statement that is firmly supported by evidence and assumed to be true.

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5
Q

polar bond

A

electron is shared equally

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6
Q

nonpolar bonds

A

electron is shared unequally

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7
Q

ionic bond

A

electron is transferred

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8
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

Bond between Hydrogen and Oxygen, Fluorine, or Nitrogen

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9
Q

boiling point propert of hydrogen bonding

A

Because hydrogen bonds are very strong it holds H2O molecules more strongly from going into gaseous state, causing water to have a high boiling point.

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10
Q

cohesion property due to hydrogen bonding

A

Because hydrogen bonds are very strong, and water molecules are strongly bonded to each other, it gives water molecules a strong cohesive property.

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11
Q

Solubility property due to polarity

A

Because water is polar it allows for polar molecules to dissolve in it.

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12
Q

Adhesion property due to polarity

A

Because water is polar, when put in a container such as glass that is also polar, water is attracted to it, causing it to attach to it strongly.

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13
Q

what is the pH scale

A

Measure of how many hydrogen ions there are in something

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14
Q

The higher the pH

A

the lower concentration of hydrogen ions, and more basic

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15
Q

the lower the pH

A

the higher the concentration of hydrogens and the more acidic

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16
Q

formula to calculate pH

A

pH= -log(H+ ions)

17
Q

As pH increases

A

the concentration of Hydrogen ions decrease by a factor of 10

18
Q

what aquires protons

19
Q

what gives up protons

20
Q

What is the Stanley Miller’s Experiment?

A

An experiment where early earth was simulated with a solution of simple molecules, and it was trying to be seen whether complex macro molecules would result when kinetic energy(lighting) and simple molecules interacted in early earth.

21
Q

Reactants in Stanley Miller’s Experiment

A

H2O, Methane, Ammonia, and CO2

22
Q

Results of Stanley Miller’s Experiement

A

Amino Acid(gylicne), Formaldehyde, Hydrogen cyline

23
Q

Relationship with earths early prebiotic chemistry and origin of complex molecules

A

an iron-rich asteroid would be enough to transiently reduce the entire prebiotic atmosphere, resulting in a Miller-Urey H2-,CH4-, and NH3-dominated atmosphere that persists for millions of years.”

24
Q

What is Wogen Et AL model

A

A showplace of how an asteroid with an Iron core hitting earth would firstly result in the oceans evaportating , and H2 being generated, over a 1000 years , the steam cools and an ocean condenses, equilibration between H2, N2 and CO2 makes cH4 and NH3. And finally over, a course of million years photochemistry of N2 and CH4 photochemistry generates nitriles and H2 escapes to space.

25
How is the Wogen Et Al Model to the stanley miller experiment
It shows how the simple molecules used in the Stanley miller experiment could be present in early earth.