Lecture 4

Question 1

Bones are enclosed by ____

Answer 1

Periosteum

Question 2

Two types of tissue different anatomy

Answer 2

-Compact (organized, has tubular units called osteons, contains blood vessels)
-Spongy (unorganized, very strong, lighter than compact)

Question 3

5 Bone Functions

Answer 3

Support, Protection, Blood Production, Storage, Movement

Question 4

Osteons

Answer 4

Tubular unit of compact bone

Question 5

Osteocytes

Answer 5

Bone cells

Question 6

Lacunae

Answer 6

Tiny chambers that house osteocytes

Question 7

Central/Haversion Canals

Answer 7

Contain blood/lymph vessels + nerves, surrounded by lacunae, found in within an osteon,

Question 8

Canaliculi

Answer 8

Tiny canals that provide nutrients from blood vessels in central canal to cells in lacunae

Question 9

Lamellae

Answer 9

Concentric circles, composes Haversion canals

Question 10

3 types of cartilage

Answer 10

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic

Question 11

Hyaline Cartilage qualities

Answer 11

Firm, flexible, uniform organization, glassy appearance, contains collagen fibers

Question 12

Fibercartilage

Answer 12

Stronger than hyaline, withstands tension/pressure, has wide rows of thick collagen fibers

Question 13

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 13

More flexible than hyaline, presence of mostly elastin fibers, found in ear flaps/epiglottis

Question 14

Human bones first appear during ____ as __________

Answer 14

Embryonic development, hyaline cartilage

Question 15

Hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone over time via process called ____

Answer 15

Endochondral Ossification

Question 16

____ lay down spongy bone and compact bone over time

Answer 16

Osteoblasts

Question 17

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 17

Large, multi-nucleated cells that break down spongy bone - makes medullary cavity

Question 18

Bone is constantly broken down and built again as adults, ____ break down this bone, resulting in increased _____

Answer 18

Osteoclasts, calcium levels in blood

Question 19

When new bone is formed, ____ use calcium from blood + these _____ can become ____

Answer 19

Osteoblasts (x2), osteocytes

Question 20

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 20

Midline of body (skull, thoracic cage, sacrum, coccyx)

Question 21

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 21

Limbs and girdles

Question 22

What are processes?

Answer 22

Where muscles attach, nerves and blood vessels pass through

Question 23

3 classifications of joints:

Answer 23

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 24

Fibrous joints quality

Answer 24

Immovable (sutures in skull)

Question 25

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 25

Connected via hyaline cartilage (discs in our spine)

Question 26

Synovial Joints

Answer 26

Freely movable, held together by ligaments/tendons (femur/hips)

Question 27

Part of skull that protects brain

Answer 27

Cranium

Question 28

Foremen Magnum

Answer 28

Large opening at base of cranium where spinal cords passes and connects w brain stem

Question 29

Mandible

Answer 29

Lower jaw, only moveable part of skull

Question 30

Maxillae

Answer 30

Upper jaw and anterior portion of hard palate

Question 31

Zygomatic bones

Answer 31

Cheekbones

Question 32

Hyoid Bone is the only bone in body that….

Answer 32

Doesn’t articulate with another bone

Question 33

Vertebral Column (from top to bottom)

Answer 33

7 cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacrum (fused vertebrae) 4 Coccyx (fused vertebrae)

Question 34

What are intervertebral disks

Answer 34

Padding between vertebrae made of fibrocartilage

Question 35

___ total pairs of ribs, upper ____ connect to ___ but all connect to _____

Answer 35

12, 7, sternum, thoracic vertebrae

Question 36

Remaining pairs of ribs don’t connect to sternum, indirectly bound to sternum via____, last __ pairs don’t connect at all, called

Answer 36

Hyaline cartilage (“false ribs”) 2 pairs, “floating ribs”