Lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Etiology

A

study of cause of the disease

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2
Q

Incidence

A

rate of new cases,
when where and how often it
occurs.

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

portion of population
already affected by the disease

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4
Q

Acute

A

sudden onset of symtoms; less than 3 months

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5
Q

Chronic

A

more than 3 months of symptoms

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6
Q

Idiopathic

A

disease of unknown origin

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7
Q

Iatrogenic

A

disease from adverse effects of treatment (from the term “iatr”
which means physician)

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8
Q

Communicable disease

A

transmitted from one person to another

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9
Q

Epidemic

A

many people acquiring a certain disease at the same time

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10
Q

Pandemic

A

infectious disease spread over a large region

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11
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

caused by hospitalization, or acquired at clinical
institutions

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12
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence of disease. Evidence that can be observed by health professionals.

For example, jaundice is a symptom of a disease,
because another person (not the patient himself or herself) can see it. Another
example would be fever: it can be measured, therefore, observed by others.

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13
Q

Symptom

A

subjective evidence of disease. This is something that would be
reported by the patient, because only the patient can feel it.

For example,
when you have pain, only you can observe it. Others can not perceive it,
unless you tell them.

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14
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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15
Q

Dysplasia

A

appearance of abnormal cell growth within a tissue or organ

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16
Q

Needle Biopsy

A

a procedure to obtain a sample of cells from your body for laboratory testing. Common needle biopsy procedures include fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy

17
Q

Autoimmune Disorders

A

white blood cells start attacking certain body tissues as if they were foreign bodies.

18
Q

Acquired Immune Disorders

A

infections that attack the immune cells, such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks the special T
lymphocytes, causing the body to lose defenses against most microbes

19
Q

Gene Expression

A

is the entire process that occurs from the moment of activating
gene transcription to the moment of activating a protein that results from the translation of the mRNA.