Lecture 4

Question 1

Hebrews 12:1-2

Answer 1

Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of
witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so
closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us,
2 looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the
joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame,
and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.

Question 2

ph scale

7.1-14

Answer 2

basic

OH-

Question 3

ph scale

0-6.9

Answer 3

acidic

H+ ions

Question 4

pH scale

Blood pH

Answer 4

7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)

Question 5

HCl

Answer 5

Hydrochloric Acid

pH of 1.1

Question 6

buffers

Answer 6

bring OH- or H+ ions back to neutral

Question 7

organic compounds

4 basic compounds

Answer 7

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 8

properties of carboyhydrates

Answer 8

-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
-water soluble

Question 9

properties of lipids

Answer 9

-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-relatively insoluble in water

Question 10

properties of proteins

Answer 10

-composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

Question 11

properties of nucleic acids

Answer 11

-composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 12

carbohydrates function

Answer 12

energy source, structure, and bulk for elimination

Question 13

lipids function

Answer 13

-protection, insulation, physiological regulation, component of cell membranes, and energy storage

Question 14

protein functions

Answer 14

regulate processes, aid transport, protection, muscle contraction, structure, and energy

Question 15

nucleic acid function

Answer 15

-building blocks of DNA

Question 16

protein structure

primary structure

Answer 16

the amino acid sequence

Question 17

protein structure

secondary structure

Answer 17

results from hydrogen bonding between amino acids

-pleated (folded) sheets
-helices

Question 18

protein structure

denaturation

Answer 18

change in shape caused by breaking of H-bonds by heat or pH changes

Question 19

protein structure

tertiary structure

Answer 19

large-scale folding due to interactions within protein and surrounding environment which is generally water

Question 20

protein structure

quaternary structure

Answer 20

results from the association of two or more proteins (subunits)

Question 21

chemical level

Answer 21

interaction of atoms

Question 22

cell level

Answer 22

structural and functional unit of living organisms

Question 23

tissue level

Answer 23

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

Question 24

organ level

Answer 24

one or more tissues functioning together

Question 25

organ system level

Answer 25

group of organs functioning together

Question 26

organism level

Answer 26

any living thing

Question 27

cell theory

Answer 27

basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 28

plasma membrane

Answer 28

-decides what comes in and out of cell -separation of intracellular vs extracellular materials

Question 29

rough ER

Answer 29

site where proteins that will be sent outside of the cell are produced