Lecture 1 Flashcards
chemical level
interaction of atoms and molecules
cell level
structural and functional unit of living organisms. combinations of molecules for structures called organelles that carry out specific functions.
tissue level
group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. Four tissue types – epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
organ level
two or more tissues functioning together.
organ system
group of organs functioning together. (The following slides present an overview of the human organ systems.
organism level
any living thing, whether composed of one cell or many.
integumentary system
Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
skeletal system
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
muscular system
Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
nervous system
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
endocrine system
A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.
cardiovascular system
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
lymphatic system
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.
Respiratory System
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.
digestive system
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.
urinary system
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.
Female Reproductive System
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures.
Male Reproductive System
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.
organization
condition in which there are specific interrelationships and functions among the parts of an organism.
metabolism (cell respiration)
the ability to used energy to perform vital functions; all chemical reactions of the body.
responsiveness
ability to sense changes in the interior and exterior environment and adjust; cell-to-cell communication is necessary
growth
increase in size and/or number of cells.
survival needs
appropiate amounts necessary for life
too little or too much is harmful
survival needs
1)nutrients
a. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
c. Fats
d. Nucleic Acids
e. Vitamins A,B6,B12,C,D,E,K
f. Minerals Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ca ect.
