Lecture 4

Question 1

Plato claimed that

Answer 1

Every organism was an example of a PERFECT,
ESSENCE OR TYPE created by God
– Types were essentially UNCHANGING
(TYPOLOGICAL THINKING)

Question 2

Aristotle ordered known
organisms into the l____ g____ c____ of being
-Species were fixed types
– Species were organized into a
sequence based on increasing size
and complexity
– Sequence started with minerals and
lower plants
– Humans were at the top of the chain
Copyright

Answer 2

Linear great chain of being

Question 3

In 1809 Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck:
- Based on Aristotle’s great chain of being, simple
organisms originate at the base of the chain by
spontaneous generation
– Organisms evolve by moving up the chain over time
– Lamarckian evolution is progressive—producing larger,
more complex or “better” species over time

Answer 3

1st theory of evolution

Question 4

Lamarck suggested:

• bc of environment changes
• phenotypic changes + pass to offspring

Answer 4

Inheritance of acquired characters

Question 5

Darwin and Wallace proposed that change in
species through time:

Answer 5

• Not linear
• Based on pop. variation
• Certain traits produce more offspring

POPULATION THINKING