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1 Patient Management > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection control

A

refers to policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and healthcare facilities

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2
Q

Purpose of infection control

A

reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases usually caused by bacteria or viruses

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3
Q

Infection Control Practioner

A

usually a RN or has a certification in infection prevention and control

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4
Q

Roles of ICP

A

perform surveillance in healthcare
develop policies & procedures
collaborate with health departments
monitor isolation policies
act as a resource

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5
Q

Purpose of healthcare workers in infection control

A

practice in a manner that reduces the risk of transmitting infection to oneself and others

requires knowledge of what the risks are
requires knowledge of how to reduce those risks

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of populations in order to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks

supports prevention and controls efforts for all communicable diseases

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7
Q

WHO

A

health authority within the united nations

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8
Q

CDC

A

health authority within the united states

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9
Q

Epidemiologic triangle

A

host
agent
environment

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10
Q

Chain of infection

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Transmission
Modes of entry
susceptible host

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11
Q

Pathogen

A

causative agent. largest role in risk are the immune status of the host and virulence of pathogen (ability to infect)

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12
Q

Reservoir

A

environment in which organism can live and multiply

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13
Q

Portal of exit

A

area from which pathogen leaves reservoir; usually corresponds to entry into next host

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14
Q

Transmission

A

Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle
Vectorborne

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15
Q

Contact (direct or indirect)

A

can be an animate or inanimate object
most common means of transmission
MRSA, VRE, bacteria, viruses, scabies

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16
Q

Droplet

A

greater than 5 um
can only travel about 3ft
meningitis, flu, sars-COVID, whooping cough

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17
Q

Airborne

A

less than 5 um
things that can be carried on the air because they are so light. Can be suspended for hours
TB, chickenpox, herpes, measles, sars-COVID

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18
Q

Vehicle

A

food/water supple, communal source

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19
Q

Vectorborne

A

least common
carried by insect or animal. Intermediate host
malaria

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20
Q

modes of entry

A

how pathogen enters host

ingestion, inhalation, injection, mucous membrane, transplacental

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21
Q

Susceptible host

A

this varies over time & with age

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22
Q

Colonization of organism

A

microorganisms are present in host tissue, not causing symptomatic disease

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23
Q

Carrier

A

person that is able to transmit organism to others

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24
Q

Incubation period

A

period between pathogen entering host and appearance of clinical symptoms

end of incubation period = disease symptoms start

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25
Q

Latent infection

A

microorganism has replicated but remains dormant or inactive
HIV, TB, herpes

26
Q

Categories of pathogens

A

viruses
mycoplasmas
bacteria
protozoa
fungi
prions

27
Q

Viruses

A

Simples and smallest living organisms
depends on host cells to reproduce
outside of host = protein coat, encloses DNA
HIV, herpes

28
Q

Bacteria

A

single-celled micro-organisms with defined cell walls
spores are dormant bacteria
staph, strep

29
Q

Fungi

A

classified as yeast or molds
digest food externally
opportunistic = produce infection when host is susceptible
mycosis = fungi disease

yeast infection, molds

30
Q

Microbome

A

bacteria, fungi, viruses that live in and around body and do not produce disease

31
Q

Bacteria examples

A

C. difficle
MRSA
Mycobacterium
diarrheas

32
Q

Viruses examples

A

influenza
measles
hepatitis b & c
HIV
chicken pox
COVID

33
Q

Fungi examples

A

candida
aspergillus

34
Q

Antimicrobial resistance

A

ability of certain microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs

MDROs = multi-drug resistant organisms

35
Q

MDROs that PTs encounter

A

MRSA
VRE
C.Diff (form spores which can live on inanimate objects for long periods of time)

36
Q

Risk factors for MRSA

A

residents from long-term care facilities
previous hospital stay
hemodialysis patients
prolonged length of stay in hospital
surgical procedure
frequent antibiotic use
intravenous drug use

37
Q

3 most common transmission methods

A

contact
airborne
droplet

38
Q

TB infection vs disease

A

infection is in the body but immune system has control of it. also called latent TB. non-infectious

disease is when body’s immune system cannot keep TB under control, begins to multiply. infectious, can spread.

39
Q

TB symptoms of disease

A

coughing lasting > 2 weeks
nigh sweats
weight loss
blood in sputum
weakness
fever and chills

40
Q

Breaking chain of infection

A

cleaning and disinfection
standard and transmission based precautions
vaccinations

41
Q

Standard precautions

A

infection prevention practices that apply to the care of ALL patients in ANY healthcare setting regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status

Designed to reduce risk of transmission

42
Q

Nosocomial

A

infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility

43
Q

Included in standard precautions

A

hand hygiene
respiratory hygiene
PPE
disinfection of surfaces

44
Q

When should you wash your hands?

A

Hands are visibly dirty
touched a patient
touched anything that a patient touches

45
Q

When should you use sanitizer?

A

hands are not visibly dirty

46
Q

WHO 5 moments of hand hygiene

A
  1. before touching pt
  2. before procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure
  4. after touching pt
  5. after touching pt surroundings
47
Q

What is the most important thing you can do to prevent spread of disease?

A

handwashing

48
Q

Cleaning surfaces

A

removing any visible soil

49
Q

Disinfect surfaces

A

after cleaning, using to kill any remaining microbes
you must clean AND disinfect equipment if multiple pt are using it

50
Q

What kills c.dificle?

A

bleach

51
Q

What kills norovirus?

A

oxivir TB wipes

52
Q

Contact Plus Rooms

A

isolation rooms, diseases that are particularly infectious or dangerous. Bleach is used to disinfect

53
Q

Transmission-based precautions

A

designed to supplement standard precautions in patients with documented or suspected infection of highly transmissible pathogens. can have multiple routes of transmission

contact, droplet, airborne

54
Q

Contact Precautions

A

private room
gloves
gown
mask & eye protection if splashing is likely
patient-care items are kept in room
patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy

55
Q

Contact PLUS precautions

A

for c.dificle
use sporocidal product
must wash hands, sanitizer does not kill it

56
Q

Droplet precautions

A

private room
patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy
patient wears mask when out of room
mask & shield for hcw
gowns/gloves
patient care items stay in room

57
Q

Airborne precautions

A

private room w/ventilation
door kept closed
patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy but MUST wear N-95
gown, goggles, mask, gloves, shield
patient care items in room
n-95 mask for HCW

58
Q

Bloodborne pathogens

A

HIV
hep B
hep C

59
Q

HIV

A

virus that causes AIDS
blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk
HCW have gotten it through splash. wear eye protection

60
Q

Hepatitis B

A

causes cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, liver failure, death
jaundice is a symptom
vaccine that helps to prevent

No risk for vaccinated, 6-30% for unvaccinated

61
Q

Hepatitis C

A

disease of liver
80% don’t have symptoms
jaundice, dark urine are symptoms
no vaccine yet

1.8% risk

1 Patient Management (8 decks)

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