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1 Patient Management > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Internationally recognized vital signs

A

Temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure
Respiration Rate

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2
Q

Other vital signs

A

Pain
Oxygen saturation
perceived exertion
gait speed
PA

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3
Q

What can make a vital sign vary?

A

age, sex, body size, exercise tolerance, and health condition

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4
Q

Why are vital signs important to PTs?

A

establish a baseline
establish goals of treatment & treatment plan
assess patient response to treatment
General knowledge of health status

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5
Q

What are the minimum vital signs required for each visit?

A

blood pressure
heart rate

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6
Q

Normal ranges for temperature

A

96.8 to 99.3 F
Mean: 98.6

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7
Q

Normal ranges for respiration

A

12-20 respirations/minute

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8
Q

Normal ranges for pulse

A

60-100 beats/minute

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9
Q

Normal ranges blood pressure

A

Systolic < 120 mm Hg
Diastolic < 80 mm Hg

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10
Q

Hyperthemia

A

fever, pyrexia > 100F
do not start exercise in person whose body temp is elevated prior to session

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11
Q

Hypothermia

A

< 98.6 F
can start exercise program in person whose body temp is slightly lo prior to treatment

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12
Q

Factors that affect body temp

A

Time of day
menstrual cycle
age
infection
environmental temp
PA
measurement site

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13
Q

Time of day & temp

A

lowest in the early AM
highest late at night

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14
Q

Menstrual cycle & temp

A

highest at ovulation

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15
Q

Age & temp

A

decreases with aging

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16
Q

Measurement site & temp

A

rectal > oral > axilla > ear/forehead

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17
Q

Pulse

A

indirect measurement of left ventricle contraction

measured as movement of blood through an artery via palpation or auscultation

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18
Q

Maximal heart rate

A

decreases with age
220 - age

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19
Q

Factors affecting pulse

A

Age
Sex
ambient temp
infection
emotional state
medications
PA
fitness level

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20
Q

Gender & pulse

A

men have a lower resting heart rate

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21
Q

What does RHR tell us?

A

elevated RHR is linked to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia.

all-cause mortality is higher

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22
Q

Tachycardia

A

precedes hypertension (HTN)
increased risk of arrhythmias, increased risk of atherosclerosis

greater than > 100 bpm

23
Q

Brachycardia

A

< 60 bpm

24
Q

Thready

A

weak and irregular force

25
Q

full 60 sec pulse

A

baseline, irregular rhythm, bradycardia

26
Q

RHR measure

A

patient should be resting for at least 5 minutes before measurements

27
Q

Pulse measurement sites

A

temporal
carotid
brachial
radial
femoral
popliteal
dorsal pedal
posterior tibial

28
Q

Respiratory Rate (RR)

A

Depth
Rhythm
Sound (lack of sound indicates healthy)

29
Q

RR Factors

A

Pathology
PA
Fitness
Emotional Status
Altitude
Volition (observation can increase)

30
Q

Tachypnea

A

increased RR

31
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

32
Q

Dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing. NOT shortness of breath

33
Q

Orthopnea

A

easier breathing when seated or standing. Difficulty when laying down

34
Q

Causes of orthopnea

A

heart failure, COPD, sleep apnea, panic disorder

35
Q

Hypoxia

A

decreased oxygen to tissues

36
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish or purplish tinge to skin

Notoriously unreliable indicators.
Skin pigment
Ambient light
Observar variability

37
Q

Blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by the blood on the wall on the blood vessels

arterial blood pressure (pressure in large arteries)

Pressure of blood in other vessels is lower than pressure in arteries

not static, very dynamic

38
Q

Systolic BP

A

peak pressure in larger arteries

39
Q

Diastolic BP

A

lowest pressure during resting phase of cardiac cycle

40
Q

Normal & Elevated BP

A

you have to have BOTH diastolic and systolic within ranges in order to qualify

41
Q

Hypertension, Stage 1 & 2

A

you can have one or the other within ranges for systolic and diastolic in order to qualify

42
Q

Factors affecting BP

A

Age
Weight
Emotional state
Exercise/activity
Fitness level
Arm position

43
Q

Age & BP

A

increases with age b/c of decreased elasticity and lumen size of blood vessels

44
Q

Exercise & BP

A

SBP : increases
DBP : can stay the same, increase (less than 10 mm Hg), decrease

45
Q

Arm position & BP

A

level of the right atrium/level of the heart

46
Q

Can BP be determined in one screening?

A

No. Average of 2 or more readings and 2 or more occasions

47
Q

Korotkoff’s sounds

A

series of sounds heard through auscultation of artery produced as a result of changes in blood flow as cuff is deflated

48
Q

Phase 1 of K’s sounds

A

As the cuff is deflated, pressure level at which the first faint clear tapping sounds are heard, which increases as the cuff is deflated
no blood flow through brachial artery

49
Q

Phase 5 of K’s sounds

A

Pressure level when last sound is heard. Diastolic pressure
No pressure on brachial artery

50
Q

Cuff Size

A

width of cuff.
Too narrow results in an overestimation of BP
Too wide underestimates BP

51
Q

Getting accurate BP

A

empty bladder
support back and feet
legs uncrossed
Correct cuff size
Cuff on bare arm
Arm at heart level
No talking

52
Q

Pallor

A

abnormal loss of skin/mucous membrane color

53
Q

Diaphoresis

A

excessive or unusual sweating

1 Patient Management (8 decks)

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