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1 Patient Management > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of US workers suffer back pain at some time during their careers?

A

80

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2
Q

What percentage of PTs reported work-related musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous year?

A

80
low back and neck are most affected

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

% of people over a period of time who present a condition

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4
Q

What contributes to back and neck pain?

A

bad posture
poor body mechanics
repetitive motions/microtraumas
decreased flexibility and strength
decreased physical fitness
Stressful living & work habits

Obesity, pregnancy, smoking

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5
Q

ICF Model

A

Describes functioning and health in association w/underlying health conditions & with personal and environmental factors

Impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions

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6
Q

Cumulative injury cycle

A

Tissue trauma
inflammation
muscle spasm
adhesions/scar tissue
altered neuromuscular control
muscle imbalance

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7
Q

Programs to reduce work-related injuries

A

education
ergonomics (science of fitting the job to the worker)
exercise

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8
Q

Education in exercise work programs

A

risk factors for injuries
Guidelines related to proper body mechanics
General advice to stay active

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9
Q

Advantages of decreasing work-related injuries

A

Increased savings
Fewer employees in pain
Increased productivity
Increased morale
Reduced absenteeism

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10
Q

Posture

A

position of one’s body
alignment and positing of body in relation to gravity center of mass, or base of support

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11
Q

Line of gravity

A

should pass through the mastoid process of the temporal bone, anterior to the second sacral vertebrae, posterior to the hip, and anterior to knee and ankle

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12
Q

Good standing posture

A

maintaining the 3 curves of the spine
head along midline, ears to shoulders
chin parallel to floor
shoulders level and in line w/torso
abdominal wall flat
knees slightly flexed
body weight evenly distributed
feet and knees facing forward

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13
Q

Neutral spine

A

position where the spine functions most efficiently
lumbar has slight lordosis
forces are optimally transferred through vertebrae and discs

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14
Q

Passive subsystem

A

thoracolumbar fascia
vertebrae & discs
everything but muscles

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15
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

maintains neutral spine
increases compression btwn articulating joint surfaces
line of force over the lumbar spine and hips

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16
Q

Why should you maintain a neutral lumbar spine?

A

increases stability
decreases mechanical stress
muscles are positioned to function more effectively

17
Q

Active subsytem

A

Muscles in the spine
core muscles
maintains neutral pelvic alignment
Local muscles – smaller & deeper
Global muscles – bigger, attach to fascia

does active contraction

18
Q

How to control lumbar spine position

A

controlling the tilt of the pelvis

19
Q

30/30 rule

A

reverse or change a static position every 30 minutes for a 30-second duration.

helps to relax muscles and promote circulation
helps prevent cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)

20
Q

Body Mechanics

A

use of one’s own body to produce motion that is safe, energy conserving, anatomically, and physiologically efficient, and maintains body balance and control

posture in motion

21
Q

Benefits of body mechanics

A

conserves energy
reduces stress and strain on body
reduces risk of injury
promotes effective, efficient, and safe movements
promotes & maintains proper body control/balance
promotes cardiopulmonary function

22
Q

Base of support

A

area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact that the object or person makes with the supporting surface

23
Q

Center of gravity

A

where the mass of an object is concentrated
level of the 2nd sacral segment at the center of your pelvis

COG must be within your BOS

24
Q

Changing COG

A

standing on one foot
adjusting BOS
reaching for an object
adding ambulation aids

25
Q

BOS is far away from COG

A

more unsteady you become, you put your passive subsystem at risk, risk of injury

26
Q

How to have good body mechanics

A

Set the stage
gently stretch
Position yourself closely to the object
Widen BOS
keep COG low & over BOS
Neutral spine
Test lift
Lift with legs
Move feet, don’t rotate

27
Q

Why should you lift with your legs?

A

The force is 5.6 times greater with back bent. Muscles of the back are not as big or strong compared to muscles from the legs

28
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

holding your breath during lifting
traps air in the thorax which increases pressure, increases pressure for heart attack

bearing down on a closed glottis

29
Q

rolling, pushing, pulling

A

pulling should be your last option

30
Q

Body mechanics mistakes

A

poor planning & communication
lifting w/back flexed
fast, jerky motions
load too far from BOS
insufficient strength

1 Patient Management (8 decks)

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