Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EOSC - FS+IMPACTS > LECTURE 4 > Flashcards

LECTURE 4 Flashcards

1
Q

archbishop james usher (1625)

A
  • worked backwards through religious scripture

- thought earth was created on october 23rd 4004BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

uniformitarianists (1700s)

A

“the present is the key to the past”

  • measured rate of current processes to see how long the crust would’ve taken to form
  • thought million of years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lord kevin (1866)

A

calculated rate of cooling from a molten body the size of the earth

  • thought 20-40 million years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

age of earth

A

4.55 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

things dated using radioactive half-lives

A

oldest rock = 4.04 Ga

oldest mineral = 4.39 Ga

older meteorite = 4.55 Ga

age of moon = 4.5 Ga

oldest known material = 7 Ga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

geological time scale

A
  • usually broken down by extinction events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cambrian explosion

A

lots of new creatures reached critical mass for evolution

  • out compete each other
  • cambrian arms race
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

biosphere

A
  • thin layer of life on earths surface
  • closed system (+ sunlight and heat)
  • composed of ecosystems
  • very interconnected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cambrian ocean (542-488Ma)

A

radiodonts = up to 1m long (first predator)

trilobites = crawl on ocean floor

pikaia = first to have a backbone - all evolved from this

opabinia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ordovician ocean (450 Ma)

A

nautiloids

brachipods

trilobites

graptolites

conodonts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cretaceous ocean (130 Ma)

A

plesiosaurs

mosasaur

ammonites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratigraphy

A

study of layers of rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

biostratigraphy

A

part of the stratigraphy that identifies the relative ages of rock layers using fossils

  • passage of time recorded in rocks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

james hutton (late 1700s)

principle of uniformitarianism

A

“the present is the key to the past”

  • same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe and apply everywhere in the universe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nicolas steno (1669)

the principles of stratigraphy

A
  1. principle of superposition
    - the top layer is the youngest
    - in layered strata (sedimentary rocks and lava flows)
  2. principle of original horizontality
    - tilted/folded = originally flat
    - compression buckles jt
  3. principle of lateral continuity
    - if it’s split, it’s probably on the other side too
  4. principle of cross-cutting relationships
    - if it cuts through then it’s younger
    - a fault must be younger than what it cuts though
    - unconformities = a period of non-deposition or active erosion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

george cuvier (early 1800s)

concept of extinction

A

established that african elephants, indian elephants and mammoths were different species

  • mammoths were once living and now extinct
17
Q

william smith (1799)

principle of faunal succession

A

fossils succeed each other vertically
- reliable order which can be identified over wide horizontal distances

  • fossils in the rock show age of the rock
  • but the species has to evolve through time to show change
18
Q

ideal species (index fossils)

A

provide information

  • best if they’re alive for a short period
  • more accurate when the rock was formed

four important things:

  1. short range
    - higher resolution of age
    - eg ammonites (251-66Ma) a commonly used fossil from the mesozoic (evolved rapidly)
  2. common
    - need to be able to find them to correlate them
    - wide geographical distribution
    - died in environments where fossilisation and preservation is likely
    - glacier = too much movement for preservation
    - under water = preserved = mud covers it
  3. radiation of new species
    - rapid diversification into many new forms/species after a mass extinction
    - ME makes new resources available, creates new challenges, new environmental niches
    - occurs at base of new geological time periods/groups of periods
    - use appearance of new species to define a new period (eg at the K/Pg boundary)
  4. background extinction
    - always some species becoming extinct (background extinction)
    - since last ice age:
    • mammoth
    • saber-tooth tiger
    • cave bear
    • dodo

EOSC - FS+IMPACTS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions