LECTURE 2 Flashcards
disaster
1 - substantial physical damage
2 - injury or loss of life
3 - drastic change to environment
force
pushes or pulls
N = newton
newton equation
1 (N) = 1 (kg . m /s2)
gravity
force that attracts matter to each other
F = m x g
g = 9.8 (m/s2)
work
the force that pushes an object times the distance the object moves
W = F x d
unit = J (joule)
1 (J) = 1 (N x m)
- no distance means no work
potential energy (PE)
work needed to take an object of mass (in Kg) a distance z (height) against the pull of gravity
PE = g x m x z
kinetic energy (KE)
KE = 0.5 • m • v2
v = velocity m = mass
sensible heat
heat energy we sense or feel (or measure)
- measuring temp = measuring sensible heat
- particle motion on an atomic level
latent heat
- hidden energy in chemical bonds between atoms
- energy stored as latent heat during melting and boiling
- latent heat released as sensible heat to the surroundings during freezing and condensing
phase changes
liquid > gas = heat taken from surrounding
gas > liquid = heat released to surroundings
condensation = heating of surroundings
evaporation = cools surrounding
phase change temp graph
on page 3 of lecture 2
A = ice - sensible heat B = melting - latent heat C = liquid - sensible D = boiling - latent E = gas - sensible
logarithmic scale
steps up in powers of 10
magnitude 6 = 100x stronger than 4
order of magnitude scales
1 - richter scale (earthquakes)
2 - moment magnitude scale (earthquakes)
3 - volcanic explosivity index
4 - beaufort scale (wind and waves)
5 - saffir-simpson scale (hurricanes)
6 - enhanced fujita scale (tornadoes)
7 - torro scale (tornadoes)
8 - torino scale (impacts)
return period
RP(M) = time span of data / # cases of that M
time scale for disasters
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