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BIOC192 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Are amino acids chiral?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is the unique factor of each amino acid?

A

The side chain

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3
Q

What varies the properties of an amino acid?

A

the side chain

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4
Q

What are the groupings of Amino acids?

A

Negatively charged
Positively charged
Uncharged
Nonpolar amino acids

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5
Q

What is an important feature of the amino acid Glycine?

A

It is flexible due to the small side chain

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6
Q

What is an important feature of Proline?

A

Side chain bonds to main chain making an imino acid and making it rigid

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7
Q

What are one letter abbreviations useful for?

A

Sequence alignment

Mutations

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8
Q

How are ionisable side chains classified?

A

By their pKa value

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9
Q

What is the pKa value?

A

an ionisable group on an amino acid or protein is the pH at which 50% of the group is ionised

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10
Q

What is the pI?

A

the pH at which the net charge on the amino acid is zero

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11
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

addition of a phosphate that controls enzyme activity - like an ON/OFF switch

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12
Q

What does hydroxylation do?

A

Prevent connective tissue diseases and scurvy. Often involves proline and lysine

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13
Q

where in a protein would you expect to find non-polar amino acid residues?

A

In the inner part of the protein

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14
Q

What is carboxylation essential for?

A

blood clotting, often glutamate is involved

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15
Q

What is the bond formed when two cystenines form a covalent bond?

A

Disulfide bond

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16
Q

What is the bond when two amino acids join together?

A

A peptide bond

17
Q

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

A

Covalent bond

18
Q

What are three characteristics of a peptide bond?

A

Planar, trans, dipole

19
Q

What is the purpose of planar conformation in peptide bond?

A

maximise the pi bond overlap

20
Q

a longer chain of amino acids joined together is?

A

A protein

21
Q

What is a peptide?

A

A short stretch of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

22
Q

What is the common of amino acids chosen by nature?

A

L-amino acids

23
Q

What kind of side chain does cystine have?

A

Sulphur group

24
Q

What structures are easily detected under UV?

A

Aromatic structures

25
Q

What covalent bond is common in secretory proteins?

A

disulphide bonds

26
Q

Describe a peptide bond?

A

The carboxyl terminal joins with the amine group and undergoes a dehydration reaction, releasing an H2O

BIOC192 (4 decks)

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