Lecture 34: Health of Young people Flashcards
Is the proportion of young people higher than was before and how many out of the world’s population
yes, 1/6
What is the trend with high vs low and middle income countries (lmi) on number of young people
86% live in lmi.
Why are the disease/injury burden preventable or treatable but often neglected
They are perceived to be the healthier group
What are the leading causes of DALYs Globally for 10-24yrolds
Mental health and substance use, other non communicable diseases, Diarrhoea/ lower resp infections
What are the trends of the causes of death Globally for 10-24yrolds
Injuries (transport & self harm) leading with communicable diseases going down but HIV/AIDs going up
What is the variable trend in youth health depending on where you live
mental+ road injury higher in HIC, whereas LIC has more communicable diseases, incl HIVAIDS. MIC mixed
What examples of countries have multi burden
lower africa, south east asia and india
What are the leading global risk factors for deaths of youth
Alcohol use, unsafe sex has increased rapidly. Unsafe water
What are the leading causes of dalys in NZ
DALYS= mental health and substance use, other NCDs, self harm and violence
What are the leading causes of deaths in NZ
Self harm and violence, transport injuries and neoplasms
What are the limitations of the Youth 2000 survey
Measurement bias and Recruitment bias, Establishing causal relationships
What was the strengths and weakness of measurement in Youth 2000 survey
Strength: more likely to provide honest answer (privacy, confidentiality). more likely to respond to survey - more engaging so better response rates
Weaknesses: Can’t eliminate them giving socially acceptable answers, can’t support youth that are at risk, language difficulties and disabilities may no complete survey: Recruitment bias
What was the strengths and weakness of recruitment in Youth 2000 survey
Strength: 70% response rate, random schools and random pupils at school
Weakness: Young people not at school or have disability not represented,so groups with higher risk to adverse health outcomes are underepresented
What is the limitation of crossectional study: examining causal relationship
Because outcome and exposure measured at the same time, difficult to know causality therefore Temporality BH criteria unlikely to be fulfilled. Need to do longitudinal study to determine risk factors.
What is the inverse care law
The availability of good medical/ social care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served
What are examples of inverse care law
Students with disability more likely to have injuries and more likely have difficulties accessing medical care.
What are the implications of the Youth 2000 survey
Continue to track prevalence of health indicators, determining, evaluating and creating policy and practice.
What is a ‘strengths-based’ approaches to positive youth development
Promotion of sources of resilience to address the social determinants of health
What is Resilience
The ability to spring back despite adversity
How can prevalence estimates of risk and protective factors be derived from cross sectional studies
comparing the same outcomes over successive years. Comparing different responses for different groups. But establishing cause can be hard
Why is resilience important
People with various protective/ resiliency fators may be less vulnerable to harm despite exposure to risk. The presence of resiliency factors is associated with reduction of health risk behaviours.
What is the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and student well being
Better social cohesion/ better membership in community organisations = better student wellbeing
What are the factors behind resilience
-Family connections: time/meals/ care.
-School connections:
adults, safe, part, fair teachers
-Community connections
friends, neighbours, workmates, volunteer, community groups
