Lecture 25: HIV/AIDS Flashcards
What is the global trend of HIV/AIDs
Improvement of treatment has meant AIDs related death is decreasing/people living longer with HIV.
More than 70% infected live in subsaharan africa with low access to treatment in LIMC.
Nearly 1/2 don’t know their HIV status.
Identify the main risk factors, and modes of transmission
of the virus
Unprotected sex with - HIV+ person is a risk factor for sex workers, hetero and homosexual relationships.
- Sharing unsterilised needles is a risk for injecting drug users,
- Mother to child transmission is risk factor for babies born to or breast fed by HIV+ mothers.
- Blood borne products: risk for low resource countries
Describe what is meant by ‘feminisation’ of the HIV epidemic
The observation that increasing rate of infection is among women compared to men due to heterosexual transmission becoming the dominant mode of transmission globally.
What are the distal/ upstream determinants of HIV infection that lead to inequitable distribution in the risks of HIV infection and the inequitable distribution of HIV infection in poor, women and young people
Gender inequalities : makes it worse too, in governing of sexual relationships, negotiating condom use, especially enhanced in poverty
- sexual abuse = 3x risk of HIV
- problems with disclosure of HIV status due to stigmatisation= barrier to treatment
- Poverty/low SES: limited access to education and reproductive health services
Describe the impact of antenatal screening for HIV+
pregnant mothers
Screening pregnant mothers and treating HIV+ with anti retroviral drugs helps to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission=1/3 without treatment. Most helpful for Africa
What is the pacific islands trend for HIVAIDs
90% burden in Papua New Guinea. Largely heterosexual transmission. Other pacific islands have low HIV/AIDs prevalence but high prevalence of other STDs means HIV is potentially a major problem
What is the NZ trend for HIV -AIDs
low prevalence, homosexual transmission is dominant. Routine antenatal screening
What are the main opportunities for intervention including
prevention, screening and treatment programs
PREVENTION
Safer sex campaigns- condoms, education, media to reduce stigma
SAFER PRODUCTS: needles and bloodborne transmission
INCREASE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- testing and counselling to reduce sexual transmission
- support for HIV+ people
- family planning services
- Antenatal screening.
What are the lessons from HIV epidemic
Treatment doesn’t replace the importance of prevention: unaware people is bad
Need to do:
- Global resources for prevention and care of HIV people
- Combat stigma and discrimination
- Address the social determinants of health and human rights for women (securing right to safe sexuality through economic security) poor and young people.
