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PSIO 202 6 Urinary System > Lecture 34: Concentrating Mechanisms > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Concentrating Mechanisms Flashcards

Objectives – Describe the process of dilute urine formation – Describe how concentrated urine is formed – Compare and contrast the processes of countercurrent multiplication countercurrent exchange

1
Q

ADH requirements to make conc urine

A

REQS an osmotic gradient of solutes in ISF of RENAL MEDULLA

three major ones

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2
Q

3 major solutes for high osmolarirty gradient in ISF of renal medulla

A

Na+
Cl-
urea

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3
Q

urea

A

formed when knock an NH3 of proteins

NH3 TOXIC so we make it urea

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4
Q

factors affecting osmotic gradeint gradient

A
  1. Peremeability differences

2. Countercurrent flow

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5
Q

Peremeability differences

A

in different section of LH and CD

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6
Q

Countercurrent flow

A

in opp directions through tube shaped structures arranged closely and parallely in medulla

ex LHs can exchange matreials this way

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7
Q

Countercurrent Multiplication definition

A

progressively INC osmotic gradeint forms in ISF of renal medulla DUE TO countercurrent flow

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8
Q

Countercurrnet Exchange

A

process where solutes and water exchanged BETWEEN blood of vasa recta and ISF of renal medulla

Vasa recta: descending and ascending loops PARALLEL to each other AND to loops of Henle

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9
Q

Countercurrent flow

A

through limbs=schange of soultes and water BETWEEN VASA RECTA BLOOD AND ISF OF MEDULLA

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10
Q

vasa recta…

A

is a countercurrent exchanger

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11
Q

what does vasa recta provide

A

oxygen and nutrients to renal medulla W/O washing out osmtic gradient

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12
Q

Long loop of Henlee AND vasa recta together…

A

LLH ESTABLISHES osmotic gradient in renal medulla

VR: MAINTAINS gradient by countercurrent exchange

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13
Q

Slides to ADD

A

20

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14
Q

countercurrent multiplication involves…

A

involves long LHs of Juxtamedullary nephrons

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15
Q

who is the countercurrent multiplier?

A

Long loop f henlee

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16
Q

countercurrent multiplication: 4 steps overview

A
  1. symporters in thick ALH=buildup Na Cl in medulla
  2. countercurrent flow in DLH and ALH=osmotic gradient in medulla
  3. cells in CD reabs more water AND urea
  4. urea recycling= buildup of urea in medulla
17
Q

descending and ascending loops location

A

they are close and can exchange things!!! THis is why COUNTERCURRENT FLOW

18
Q

what is urea recycling?

A

constant movement of urea between tubule and ISF outside

19
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step ONE

A

WATER NOT REABSORBED (Talh walls impermeable)

So Na and Cl ions buildup in ISF

(def symporters in ascending=buildup ions in medulla)

20
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step TWO

A

desceding loop PERMEABLE to WATER NOT SOULTES

IS permeable to UREA

(establishment of osmotic gradient)

21
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step TWO: Osmolarity

A

osmolarity of ISF OUTSIDE DLH is HIGHER than tubular fluid inside

so water moves out of DLH into ISF (osmosis)

22
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step TWO: Ascending loop

A

ALH impermeable water, SYMPORTERS of cells reabs Na and Cl from tubular fluid INTO ISF

23
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step THREE: ADH

A

ADH inc water permeablilty of P cells

Water quick to go out of CD to ISF to VASA RECTA (more blood vol!)

24
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step THREE: loss of tubular water=

A

very conc UREA

BUT duct cells urea permeable, so urea diffuse into ISF of medulla

25
Q

Countercurrent multiplication step FOUR

A

urea accumulation (ISF), some diffuses to tubular fluid in LH (thin and descending) (urea permeable)

26
Q

What part of LH is UREA PERMABLE? (4)

A

thin ascending

descending

27
Q

what part of tubule NOT permeable to urea (4)

A

THICK ascending
DCT
cortical part of CD

28
Q

so what happens to urea imperable?` (4)

A

Urea stays in the tubule fluid in these parts

29
Q

4: tubule fluid in CD

A 
ADH present
water reabs (osmosis)
30
Q

4: water reabs=

A

MORE UREA CONC in TUBULAR fluid

more urea diffuses into ISF of inner medulla

repeat cycle

31
Q

What moves around the most?

A

UREA!

moves a lot, then restart cycle (some we do get rid of)

32
Q

4: urea recycling def

A

constant transfer of urea between segments of renal tubule and ISF

33
Q

flow chart of urea recycling

A

water reabs from tubular fluid->
urea builup in ISF->
promote water reabs

34
Q

so what happens overall? (step four)

A

SOLUTES left in lumen become CONCENTRATED

small vol of urine excreted

35
Q

can vasa recta exchange with loops of Henle?

A

yes

36
Q

what all can excahnge

A

ascneding and descending LH with eachother

vasa recta with other vasa recta

flow of both systems moves OPPOSITE

37
Q

what is the countercurrent exchanger

A

VASA RECTA

convert once currency into another

PSIO 202 6 Urinary System (5 decks)

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