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PSIO 202 6 Urinary System > Lecture 31: Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 31: Intro Flashcards

Objectives – Identify the organs of the urinary system and the major regions of the kidney on a diagram. – Identify the regions of the nephron and describe their spatial relationships to each other – Describe the histological features of the different regions of the nephron

1
Q

Kidneys do what?

A

filter blood
return most water and solutes to blood
release EPO and calcitrol
excrete wastes

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2
Q

kidney and blood ionic conp

A

NA, K, Ca, Cl and phsophate ions

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3
Q

Kidneys regulate

A

blood ionic comp
blood pH, osmolarity, glucose
regulate blood volume
blood pressure (through muscle cells)

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4
Q

glucose in urine

A

shouldn’t be there normally

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5
Q

What’s special about where kidneys are?

A

retroparentineal: OUTSIDE parotenial cavity… not well protected

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6
Q

2 major parts of nephron

A

corpuscle

tubule

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7
Q

renal corpuscle

A

plasma filtration
glomerulus
glomerular (Boman’s) capsule
looks like a button

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8
Q

glomerulus

A

part of corpuscle
DOES the filtration
capps where filtration happens

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9
Q

glomerular (Boman’s) capsule

A

part of corpuscle
double walled epithelial cup
collects filtrate

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10
Q

Renal Tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle (ascending and descending)
distal convoluted tubule

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11
Q

collecting and papillary ducts do what?

A

drain urine to renal pelvis and ureter

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12
Q

Glomerular capillaries location

A

between afferent and efferent arteroles

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13
Q

what do efferent arterioles become

A

peritubular capillaries and casa recta

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14
Q

Cortical Nephron

A

loops of henlle dip a little into medulla
species that are water dependent (humans)
80-85% are cortucal
mostly in cortex

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15
Q

Juxtameduallary Nephron

A 
close to and in medulla
long loops of henlee
mostly deep in medulla
      allow excretion of dilute or concentrated urine (depending on situation)
thick and thin portions
25-20% in us
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16
Q

blood to kidney

A

recieves 25% of resting CO

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17
Q

function of glomerular cappilaries

A

filtration of blood

vasoconstrict and dialate of afferent and efferet arterioles= large changes in renal filtration

18
Q

function of peritubular capilaries

A

carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate

19
Q

2 capillary bed types

A

peritubular

glomerular

20
Q

nerve supply to kidney

A

symp vasmotor nerves reg blood flow and renal resistance

alter diameter of arterioles

21
Q

nephron and collecting duct histology

A

single layer of epicells everywhere

22
Q

histology features from function of each region

A

microvilli
cupodial v. simple
hormone receptors

23
Q

where is Boman’s capsule

A

surrounding capsular space
podocytes: cover caps from visceral layer
simple sqaumous cells form parietal layer

24
Q

Glomerular caps arise…

A

from afferent arteriols

form ball before emptying into efferent and into blood

25
Q

Juxtagolmerular Apparatus (JG)

A

where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending loop of henlee
macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells

26
Q

macula densa

A

thickest part of ascending loop of henlee

27
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

modified cells in arteriole

28
Q

Number of nephrons

A

constant from birth
increase in kidney size comes from inc in SIZE of nephrons
cant be replaced

29
Q

Kidney Problems

A

dysfuction not evident until function is less than 25% of normal
removal of one kidney=enlargment of remaining until it can filter 80% of normal rate of 2 kidneys

30
Q

nephritis

A

drinking too much-> injure or destroy nephron

31
Q

glomerular cappilaries formed…

A

between afferent and efferent arterioles

32
Q

efferent arterioles

A

give rise to peritubular caps of vasa recta

33
Q

vasa recta

A

makes conntections to tubules on opposite sides

34
Q

review slide

A

11 and around and listen around 15 minutes

35
Q

flow through cortical nephrons

A 
glomerular (boman's) capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
descending LH
ascending LH
distal convoluted tubule
36
Q

flow through JG nephron

A 
glomerular capsuke
proximal convoluted tubule
descending limb of LH
thin ascending limb LH
thick ascending loop LH
distal convoluted tubule (drains to collecting duct)
37
Q

glomerular

A

parietal and visceral layers

viscleral layer has podocytes

38
Q

fenestration of glomerular endothelial cells

A

prevent filtration of blood cells

allows components of blood plasma through

39
Q

basal lamina of glomerulus

A

prevenets filtration of large proteins

40
Q

slit membranes between pediceles

A

prevent filtration of medium sized proteins

PSIO 202 6 Urinary System (5 decks)

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