Lecture 34 - ARDs Pathology

Question 1

ARDS is defined as a lung injury of ______ onset within ______ week of apparent clinical insult.

CXR findings: ________

Respiratory failure not explained by _____ ____ or ____ _____.

Reduced arterial oxygenation.

Answer 1

Acute onset

1 week

CXR findings: Bilateral opacities

Respiratory failure not explained by heart failure or Volume overload.

Question 2

Some less common causes of ARDS include:

______

Uremia

DIC

Massive ____ ____ or cardiopulmonary bypass

Eclampsia

Answer 2

Pancreatitis

Massive blood transfusion

Question 3

In the pathological process of ARDS there is _____ exposure that damages the pulmonary capillaries –> _____ become activated and exacerbate the damage with an inflammatory response –> extravasate into alveolar space where they secrete _______, O2 radicals, and Prostaglandins.

Answer 3

Endotoxin

PMNs

Proteases

Question 4

They key to pathologically identifying ARDS is the formation of _______ membranes around alveolar walls. It is composed of _____ and necrotic ____ ____ ______.

Answer 4

Hyaline membranes

Fibrin

Type 1 pneumocytes

Question 5

ARDS has about a ____ - ____% mortality rate. Treatment is basically just supportive care.

Answer 5

40-60%

Question 6

SARS presents very similarly to ARDS, but remember that ARDS is defined by the onset of symptoms within _____ week of insult. SARS symptoms occur within hours.

Answer 6

1 week