Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B&B Week 3 Flashcards > Lecture 34: Aphasia > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Aphasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A disorder of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is speech lateralized in right handed adults?

A

Right-handed people have speech represented in the left hemisphere
-experience also impacts lateralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is speech represented in left-handers? Significance?

A

Left-handers have speech represented bilaterally

Significance: good prognosis and outcome in aphasia in left-handers and aphasia following right hemisphere stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does lateralization manifest in cortex?

A

Wernicke’s area larger in left hemisphere than right hemisphere for right handers
Broca’s area is larger in left hemisphere in right handers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four types of aphasias?

A 
Non-fluent
	i. Brocas
	ii. global
Fluent	
	i. Wernicke’s
	ii. Conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four ways to measure aphasia?

A
  1. Fluency
  2. Comprehension
  3. Repetition
  4. Naming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Non-fluent speech?

A
  • effortful (speaks really slowly)
    • telegraphic
    • agrammatic (leaves out shit that forms complete sentences like the verb; agrammatic writing as well)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is fluent speech?

A
  • melodic
    • circumlocutory
    • empty content
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Single world comprehension?

A
  • [Point to the pencil]
    • point to the pencil (out of presenting two objects)
    • present one object and ask is this a pencil?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What defines the repetition examination in testing for aphasia?

A
  • multisyllabic words (ask patient to say constitutional)
    • phrases (Methodist episcopal)
    • sentences (no ifs, ands or buts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of naming?

A
  1. Confrontation naming
  2. Recognition naming
  3. Prompts
    • semantic (choir)
    • phonemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Broca’s Aphasia? MOA and symptoms?

A

MOA: lesion in Broca’s area in frontal lobe…branch artery stroke
Symptoms:
Non-fluent speech
Impaired repetition
Impaired Naming (hard to find names for objects)
BUT
Intact single world comprehension
ALSO
Impaired grammatical expression/comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is MOA for Wernicke’s Aphasia? What are the symptoms?

A 
MOA: lesion in Wernicke’s area in superior temporal gyrus…branch artery stroke
Symptoms:
Impaired word comprehension
Impaired repetition
Impaired Naming 
Fluent Speech
	-Is NOT a auditory problem
	-Problem with the lexicon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of Conduction Aphasia? What are symptoms?

A

Lesion to the arcuate fasciculus
Lesion to the connection between Wernicke and Broca’s area
Impaired repetition
Fluency, comprehension, naming are all good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is MOA of Global Aphasia? What are symptoms?

A

MOA: occlusion to the carotid artery
Problems in both Wernicke and Broca’s area
Poor comprehension, speech, naming, repetition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the problems with the classic approach of language (Wernicke’s to arcuate fasciculus to Broca’s on left hemisphere?

A

a. language disturbance following
- right hemisphere stroke
- subcortical stroke
b. other language impairments
c. primary progressive aphasia

17
Q

Prosody

A

the rhythmic and intonatonal aspect of speech

18
Q

Right hemispheres language disorders in Right hander’s

A

Symptoms:

  • impaired prosody
  • poor comprehension of metaphor, humor (so can’t get a joke)
  • limited grasp of extended discourse
19
Q

Subcortical language disorders

A

What types of subcortical language disorders are there and what are their symptoms?

i. Striatal (caudate-putamen) aphasia
- non-fluent
- preserved repetition
ii. Thalamic aphasia
- depends on specific location with thalamus

20
Q

What are aspects of language that are NOT ascertained during clinical aphasia exam?

A

Grammatical comprehension
Example: Broca’s apahsics have difficulty with grammatical expression AND grammatical comprehension
-difference between “Fran showed her baby the pictures” and “Fran showed her the baby pictures”

21
Q

How are majority of aphasias (Broca, Conduction, Wernicke’s, Global) caused?

A

Stroke

22
Q

What is another MOA that results in aphasia?

A

Neurodegeneration

Example: frontotemporal degeneration that leads to progressive aphasia

23
Q

What is Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia?

A

Expression has grammatical simplification, effortful, hesitant
Comprehension
-agrammatic sentence comprehension
Example: point to the door AFTER pointing to the ceiling
Diagnose with MRI because this guy is atrophy rather than stroke
Similar to Broca’s

24
Q

What is Semantic Dementia?

A 
Object comprehension difficulty
Fluent, empty speech
Poor single word comprehensive
MOA: cortical atrophy in temporal lobe
Diagnose with MRI
Similar to Wernicke’s
25
Q

What are the two types of alexia?

A

i. Peripheral component alexia
-alexia without agraphia
-letter-by-letter reading
Lesion in ventral-caudal temporal lobe

ii. Central component alexia
- difficulty pronouncing sight vocabulary (shit that isn’t pronounced the way it is spelled)– “choir”
- pronouncing novel words – “gub”

26
Q

What are the two types of agraphia (writing disorders)?

A

i. Peripheral component agraphia
- apractic agraphia (difficulty writing letters as in they write the letter a in different ways for same word)

ii. Central component
- spelling sight vocabulary like “choir”
- difficulty spelling novel words like gub

27
Q

Amusia

A

disorder of music

  • deficits in comprehension, expression
  • often depends on level of expertise
  • selective deficits of pitch, rhythm
  • selective deficits of music syntax (structure), meaning

B&B Week 3 Flashcards (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions