Lecture 32

Question 1

Anthropogenic caused climate change is driven by

Answer 1

accelerating global population growth and the ecological footprint of each human being on the limited resources that the earth provides.

Question 2

Deforestation impacts:

Answer 2

soil stability, water cycle, and biogeochemical reactions

Question 3

Humans have replaced natural vegetation with _____ with fewer ____

Answer 3

managed landscapes with less biodiversity

Question 4

While ___ million HA of forest are added, ___ million HA are lost

Answer 4

5.2 added and 14.6 lost

Question 5

over ___ of marine fish stocks are fully fished or over-fished

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

Why fishing is a concern

Answer 6

FIsh nets capture non-target species (dolphins) or damage seafloor habitats during net dragging from large ships

Question 7

Coral Reefs

Answer 7

colonies of tiny animals coexisting with photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae (which provides food by photosynthesizing)

Question 8

Coral Bleaching

Answer 8

When sediments from soil erosion inhibit photosynthesis, and the zooxanthellae algae are expelled/die. Ocean acidification contributes to the death of corals, as CO2 forms carbonic acid which makes it more difficult for carbonate shell-forming organisms to build their shells, making them more susceptible to predation.

Question 9

Since 2016, ___ of all the corals in the Great Barrier Reef has died due to the influx of ______.

Answer 9

half, due to unusually warm water

Question 10

The rate of extinction is currently:

Answer 10

thousand per decade

Question 11

We are in the midst of a ___ great extinction

Answer 11

6th

Question 12

Concern with CO2, CH4, and N2O

Answer 12

the impact they have on the absorption of outgoing heat from the Earth - as they are radioactively reactive (absorb heat and raise the temperature of the atmosphere)

Question 13

Within 200 years we have increased atmospheric carbon levels by ____

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

It was estimated that ___ of Carbon was added to the atmosphere by the fossil fuel industry and ___ by land-use changes

Answer 14

10 gigatons and 1.8 gigatons

Question 15

Radiative forcing

Answer 15

the influence that a factor has on incoming radiation to the earth

Question 16

Methane has a ___ radiative forcing than carbon dioxide

Answer 16

stronger (x4)

Question 17

We receive an increased ___ watts of energy per square meter at the surface

Answer 17

1.6 watts

Question 18

The global temperature change has increased by ___ in the past 150 years

Answer 18

0.5-0.8 degrees

Question 19

Clear changes over the past 150 years due to climate models

Answer 19

average global temperatures have increased, the extent of sea level has risen by nearly 20 cm, precipitation patterns have changed dramatically