Lecture 31: Global Poverty Flashcards
what is extreme poverty?
the international poverty line is the universal standard for measuring global extreme poverty
- defined as $2.15 per person per day
what is PPP?
purchasing power parity
- PPP exchange rate is used to convert local currency of a target nation into a common currency applicable to all nations
how many people live in extreme poverty globally?
700 million living below poverty line (2.15 per day)
has been decreasing in last 2 or so decades, but the number of people not living in extreme poverty proportion is extreme
- most people in the world live in poverty
- 2/3 of the world population live on less than $10 per day
what are the poorest countries in the world?
typically countries in sub-saharan africa have lowest GDP and highest rates of extreme poverty
what is GNI?
gross national income
- total amount of income that people and businesses earn
- africa has very low GNI
- NZ/AUS pretty high
what is missing from economic measures of poverty?
no consideration of health, education, opportunity, environment, quality of life, sustainability, unpaid work
whats a better way of measuring poverty?
three dimensions of poverty:
- health
- education
- living standards
has more holistic measures beyond money
what are two types of poverty?
absolute vs relative poverty
what is relative poverty?
individuals, families and groups in the populations can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and the living conditions which are customary or at least widely encouraged or approved in societies in which they belong
- poverty lines are not the same in every country so its relative
what is absolute poverty?
a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. depends not only on income, but also on access to services
why do we need a measurement for poverty?
- a reference point to measure improvements
- to provide targets
- comparison between groups, populations and countries
- hold governments and policy makers responsible for their obligations
who is worst affected by poverty?
women and rural people
how does poverty impact health?
detrimental to health for so many reasons :D
- communicable disease
- non communicable disease
- social/mental issues
what causes poverty?
- colonisation
- poor healthcare system
- limited access to education
- climate change
- conflict and war
- economic inequality
- unemploymwnt
- limited access to financial services
is it easy to address poverty?
nope - its complex
- beyond income and consumption, poverty is multidimensional
- elimination of poverty requires shared prosperity
