Lecture 30: The Human Genome Flashcards
1
Q
How do you compare sequences?
A
- Line them up next to each other and mark each point where the sequences are the same
- AKA “Aligning”
2
Q
How do you sequence genomes?
A
- Aligning genomes is very hard because you don’t know where to start
- Closely related species is easier
- Aligning coding sequences is easier than non-coding sequences
3
Q
What is conservation?
A
- Things that are the same (think: coding sequences)
4
Q
Once you have predicted genes in a genome you can ______ genes _____ species. This lets you know…
A
- Compare
- Between
- Where genes come from
- What sort of likely gene function are encoded by a genome
- How much genetic information we share with our relatives
5
Q
Synteny….
A
- Conserved gene order and organisation
6
Q
Closely related species have _____ gene order and organisation.
A
- Similar
7
Q
Do neanderthals share DNA with modern humans?
A
- Yes! Some
8
Q
Why can’t we learn from the human genome sequence?
A
- The sequence of the human genome, and that of other organisms is a huge achievement
- We can do experiments
- Vital part of biology
- But it DOESN’T tell us the function of genes
9
Q
How do you find the function of genes?
A
- You knock them out in an organism and study the resulting phenotype
