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B7 Phys > Lecture 3: Transport Along The Nephron > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Transport Along The Nephron Flashcards

1
Q

Tubular renal epithelial cells exhibit:

A

Membrane polarity

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2
Q

What are the 2 sides of a renal epithelial cell?

A
  1. Apical/tubular - faces urine

2. Basal/basolateral - faces blood

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3
Q

Movement of solutes between the cells

A

Paracellular

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4
Q

Movement of solutes across the cell

A

Transcellular

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5
Q

Movement of solutes against gradient, required ATP

A

Active transport

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6
Q

Movement of solutes with gradient, no ATP

A

Passive transport

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7
Q

Simple diffusion vs carrier-mediated

A

Simple- due to gradient, bulk flow (ultrafiltration)

Carrier- needs a carrier protein (has a Tm)

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8
Q

Kidney filters about ____ L of plasma per day.

A

180L

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9
Q

Nearly everything that is filtered is…

A

Reabsorbed

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10
Q

What’s an example of glomerulotubular balance?

A

If you eat more Na, then you will excrete more Na.

The ability to adjust reabsorption rate to match the filtered load

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11
Q

What is solvent drag?

A

The things in H2O usually want to move with it.

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12
Q

Most Na transport is…

A

Transcellular

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13
Q

Reabsorption of Na and its co-transported solutes causes:

A

Osmotic gradient and reabsorption of H2O

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14
Q

Na is reabsorbed with what molecule and enzyme in the PCT?

A

HCO3-

Carbonic anhydrase

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15
Q

Na is usually cotransported with what solutes? In the PCT

A

Glucose, AAs, phosphate, lactate (and of course HCO3-)

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16
Q

Which of the following could explain why untreated diabetic patients have increased urine flow?

A

Increased tubular fluid osmotic pressure

17
Q

What effect would a carbonic hydrase inhibitor have on urine volume and osmolarity?

A

Increase volume and decrease osmolarity

REMEMBER: carbonic hydrase is required to reabsorb sodium and HCO3, which will cause water to follow

18
Q

We reabsorb a lot of Pi- and HCO3- at the expense of what in the PCT?

A

Cl-

19
Q

Organic Anion Secretion in the PCT

A

PCT secretes organic anions. MK.

Reabsorb alpha-ketoglutarate to excrete organic anions like PAH and penicillin.

The organic anions charge is neutralized by H+ or other cations.

Transporters are non-selective.

20
Q

What happens if you have both procanimide and cimetidine?

A

YOU DIE

Because they counteract each other.

BTW.. PAH and penicillin is good.

21
Q

Organic Cation Secretion in the PCT

A

PCT secretes organic cations into the tubular fluid. WOW, NO WAY.

Little bit of creatinine, dopamine, epi/NE
Morphine, atropine, blah

Trades this shit for H+

Fuck

22
Q

When there is too much solute and not enough transporters

A

The transport process that utilizes a transport protein becomes saturated

23
Q

Where the lines are not linear on the filtered load vs plasma glucose graph

A

Splay area

24
Q

What is the transport maximum of glucose? Tm

A

325 mg/min

25
Q

If plasma glucose is 400 mg/do and GFR is 125 ml/min….how much glucose is secreted?

A

Tm= 325 mg/min

Excretion = FL - Tm

FL = Xa * GFR

Exc = (4 * 125) - 325 = 175 mg/min

FUCKING WONDERFUL

26
Q

Thin descending loop (DTL) of henle is permeable ONLY to:

A

Water.

Reabsorbed due to osmotic forces.

“The concentrating segment”

27
Q

The Thin ascending loop (ATL) of henle is impermeable to…

A

Water.

No water movement, no volume change.

Will always have less volume than DTL

28
Q

The Thick ascending loop (TAL) is impermeable to…

A

Water.

Not water movement, no volume change.

“The diluting segment” due to LOTS of transport.

Helps generate hyperosmotic gradient in tissue.

29
Q

TAL is called the “diluting segment” because…..

A

There’s lots of transport, but no water movement.
-active, passive, paracellular and transcellular

1000mOsm to 100mOsm*

30
Q

Where is the Na-Cl-K symporter found?

What blocks this?

A

Thick ascending loop

Lasix

This is how the macula densa senses Na to adjust GFR

31
Q

Where is the site of macula densa and juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Between ascending loop and distal tubule

Senses tubular sodium load by measuring transport rate, and adjust GFR

32
Q

Early distal tubule is impermeable to…

A

Water.

Continues diluting tubular fluid.

Lots of transport.

33
Q

Where is the Na-Cl symporter found and what blocks this?

A

Early distal tubule

Thiazides

B7 Phys (3 decks)

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