Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B7 Phys > Lecture 1: Renal Phys Intro and Clearance > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Renal Phys Intro and Clearance Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hilium?

A

Middle of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in the hilium?

A

Renal artery, vein, and ureter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the nephron do? Vaguely

A

Filters blood to make urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 general renal functions of the kidney?

A

Regulation of water balance

Maintain normal electrolyte concentrations and content in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other functions of the kidney

A

Conserve nutrients

Excrete wastes

Regulate cardiac output and BP

Control hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the kidney control hematopoiesis?

A

Release erythropoetin in times of renal/circulatory hypoxia (makes RBCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the kidney regulate CO and BP?

A

Through RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two kinds of nephrons and how are they categorized?

A

Cortical (superficial) and Juxtamedullary

Location within the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where/what are the cortical nephrons?

A

Mostly out of the medulla, dips into medulla. Mostly in cortex

Has a short loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where/what is the juxtamedullary nephron?

A

Can go down to the Papilla, mainly in the medulla, small portion is in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Juxtamedullary nephron has a specialized peritubular capillary called the…

A

Vasa recta

-very slow moving blood supply that helps nephron do its job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which nephron is there more of?

A

Cortical (superficial) - 80%

Juxtamedullary- 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 capillary beds of the nephron?

A

Glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What/where are the golmerular capillaries?

A

Found in the glomerulus

1st step in urine formation, filters plasma into nephron making tubular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The glomerular capillaries receive blood from __________ ___________ and drained into __________ _________.

They can also control the ___________ of each arteriole.

A

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where/what are the peritubular capillaries?

A

Normal capillaries, that wrap around the rest of the nephron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Peritubular nephrons are fed by the __________ arteriole and are required for what 2 functions?

A

Efferent

Reabsorption and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does filtration occur and what does it filter and form?

A

At the glomerulus

Filters plasma

Forms tubular fluid/urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define excretion/

A

What is removed from the body via urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Equation for urinary excretion rate

A

Filtration rate - reabsorption rate + secretion rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

Moves solutes/water from tubular fluid back to blood

“Reabsorbed into the blood”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is secretion?

A

Moves solutes from blood into the tubular fluid

“Secreted into nephron”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Order of Nephron Structures

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Proximal Conv. Tubule
  3. Loop of Henle
    3a. Macula densa
  4. Distal Conv. Tubule
  5. Collecting Duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Capillary bed that filters blood to produce urine

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cup-shaped entrance to nephron and surrounds the glomerulus

A

Bowman’s capsule

Has arterioles on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Area between Bowman’s capsule and capillary bed of glomerulus

A

Bowman’s space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1st step in urine production

A

Filtration

29
Q

What is reabsorbed into the PCT?

A

67% of ions
- Na, K, and Ca

Water

ALL glucose and AA’s

30
Q

Most transport mechanisms are dependent on __________ in the PCT?

A

Na/K ATPase

Makes sense because 67% of ions are filtered here, including Na and K (plus Ca and Water)

31
Q

What drugs have diuretic effects in the PCT?

Ex?

A

Carbonic hydrate inhibitor

Acetazolamide

32
Q

What mainly happens in the Loop of Henle?

A

Reabsorption and dilution of urine.

Sets up gradient used to alter urine concentration

33
Q

In the Loop of Henle, water reabsorption occurs in the ______________ limb and solute reabsorption occurs in the. ______________ limb.

A

Descending (H2O)

Ascending (solute)

34
Q

Specialized part of the Loop of Henle that senses tubular fluid flow and renal blood flow

A

Macula Densa

Part of the Juxtaglomerular appartus

35
Q

What drugs act at a diuretic in the Loop of Henle?

Ex?

A

Loop diuretics

Lasix (furosimide)

36
Q

What happens isn’t he DCT?

A

Reabsorption and secretion of ions, fine-tuning of urine solute amounts.

Site of pH balancing

37
Q

What ions are moved in the DCT for pH balancing?

A

H+ and HCO3+

38
Q

What drugs work in the DCT?

Ex?

A

Thiazides (-like diuretics)

39
Q

What is the main function of the collecting duct?

A

To reabsorb water to concentrate urine

Final control of urine osmolality!

40
Q

Collecting ducts are the site of _________________ function.

What does this drug do?

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Makes ya not pee a lot.

Adds aquaporins to collecting ducts membranes to make them permeable to water

Reabsorb water!

41
Q

What diuretics work in the collecting ducts?

A

K-sparing diuretics

Spirolactone
Amiloride

42
Q

Glucose is removed from the tubular fluid by active transport and returned to the blood. This is an example of what kind of renal process?

A

Reabsorption

43
Q

In periods of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) like in Diabetes Mellitus, some filtered glucose is lost to the urine. This is an example of what kind of renal process?

A

Excretion

44
Q

The most water is reabsorbed in which segment of the nephron?

A

PCT (67% of ions and water)

45
Q

What is the 1 way and 2 ways out of the Kidney?

A

In: Renal artery

Out: ureter and renal vein

46
Q

Kidney only filters:

A

Blood plasma

Not RBCs WBCs etc

47
Q

Equation for blood volume, in relation to plasma volume and filtration

A

BV = PV/(1-hematocrit)

48
Q

Plasma volume is about ______ of total blood volume

A

Half…about 40%ish

PV= 0.5TBV

49
Q

Equation for input of solute to the kidney

A

RPF * Xa

RPF=renal plasma flow

Xa= concentration in blood plasma

50
Q

Equation for output, solute leaving the kidney in urine AND renal vein

A

(RPF * Xv) + (Xu + V)

RPF = renal plasma flow

Xv = concentration in renal vein

Xu= concentration in urine

V = urine volume

51
Q

Equation for Renal Function Determination

A

Input = Output

RPF * Xa = (RPF * Xv) + (Xu * V)

Determines the clearance of a solute!

52
Q

How much plasma the kidney is able to clear

Or

Volume of plasma that has had a solute removed from it in one minute

A

Clearance

Solutes removed from the plasma

53
Q

Equation for Clearance

Units?

A

Cx= (Xu * V)/ Xa

Cx= clearance (units are mLs/min)

Xu= Conc. Urine

V= urine volume

Xa= conc. Blood plasma

54
Q

What is the basis for determining renal function?

A

Clearance.

Can determine the amount of plasma filtered AND the amount of blood delivered to the kidney

55
Q

Clearance of ______ can determine the glomerular filtration rate.

What will this tell you?

A

Inulin

The amount of plasma filtered by the kidneys

56
Q

Clearance of _____ determines renal plasma flow (RPF)

What will this tell you?

A

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

Every bit of PAH is pulled out of blood and put into urine (100% filtered and secreted)

Will tell you how much plasma is moved through the kidney

57
Q

Filtration Fraction

A

FF = GFR/RPF

Amount of plasma that is filtered by the kidney

58
Q

tells us how much water we are excreting.

A

Free Water Clearance

59
Q

If plasma osmolarity were too high, what would we want?

A

Excrete minimum amount of H2O to dilute solutes.

60
Q

If plasma osmolarity were too low, what would we want?

A

Excrete H2O

61
Q

Equation for Clear water clearance

A

Cosm = (Uosm * V) / Posm

Tells us the volume from which ALL solutes have been removed

62
Q

If osmolarity clearance is 1ml/min, but our urine flow is 3ml/min, where does the extra 2 mls come from?

A

Free water, water that has no dissolved substances

63
Q

If free water is negative…

A

More solute cleared than water.

64
Q

If free water clearance is positive….

A

More water cleared than solutes.

65
Q

If Uosm > Posm, then you should have:

A

Negative Cwater

66
Q

If Uosm < Posm, then you will have:

A

Positive Cwater

67
Q

What is normal Uosm?

Posm?

A

100-1000 (Uosm)

265-320 (Posm)

68
Q

Consider the following information:
Posm=335 mOsm/L
Uosm= 156 mOsm/L
Flow = 4 mls/min

Is this an appropriate free water clearance?

A

NO because both Posm and Uosm should be high for a low Uflow, and vice versa.

Uflow is too high for the high Posm

B7 Phys (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions