Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B7 Phys > Lecture 2: Filtration And Renal Blood Flow > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Filtration And Renal Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What does filtration occur?

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Filtrate enters Bowman’s capsule, which is the beginning of what?

A

PCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What forms the filtration membrane?

A

Capillary epithelial cells, basements membrane, and podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rate of filtration is measured by….

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The best way to determine GFR is to determine clearance of molcules such as:

A

Inulin

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sugar that your body cant metabolize

A

Inulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Byproduct of muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

As GFR decreases, plasma creatinine __________

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Small changes in creatinine mean…

A

Big changes in GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What filters and what doesn’t filters?

A

Does filter: water, ions, small molecules.

Doesn’t filter: plasma proteins and solutes bound to plasma proteins (thyroid hormone or bound calcium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amount of solute that entered the tubular fluid

A

Filtered load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can filtered load be used for?

A

To determine HOW a solute is handled in the nephron.

Because filtration and secretion adds solute to the tubular fluid while secretion removes them

SO

Excretion=filtered load + secretion - reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If you constrict the afferent arteriole..

A

Reduce Pgc
Reduce GFR
Reduce RBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If you dilate the afferent arteriole….

A

Increase Pgc
Increase GFR
Increase RBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you constrict the efferent arteriole…

A

Increase Pgc
Increase GFR
Decrease RBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If you dilate the efferent arteriole….

A

Reduce Pgc
Reduce GFR
Increase RBF

17
Q

Dilating the afferent arteriole will have what effect on GFR and RBF?

A

Increase GFR and RBF

18
Q

If a patients filtered load of K+ is 10mg/min and excretion rate is 1mg/min, how is K handled in the nephron? (select all that apply).

A

Filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted

19
Q

RBF is calculated by clearance of what?

A

PAH

20
Q

Kidney is able to control its own blood flow in response to:

A

Change in pressure

Autoregulation

21
Q

At a high blood pressure, will you have more or less urine?

A

More

22
Q

What’re the 3 mechanisms of autoregulation in the kidney?

A
  1. Myogenic response, in smooth muscle
  2. Tubuloglomerular feedback, in the nephron
  3. RAAS system, due to release of renin
23
Q

What is the myogenic response of the kidney?

A

Smooth muscles stretch, and it actively contracts against that force.

Maintains constant flow by changing resistance

24
Q

What is the tubuglomerular feedback?

A

Nephron is able to sense GFR and regulate RBF

high sodium in tubular fluid, means a high GFR and BP

Occurs at JGA (macular densa and juxtaglomerular cells)

25
Q

If GFR is high, NaCl will be filtered and taken up by the:

Which will result in what?

A

Macula densa

More sodium in the tubular fluid and more activity of the Na/K ATPase, which will produce more adenosine.

Also lowers Renin production

26
Q

What does adenosine do??

A

Binds to smooth muscle cells and causes constriction of afferent arteriole

Which then reduces GFR and RBF

27
Q

Renin is released under what 3 conditions ?

A
  1. Low arterial pressure
  2. Tubular sodium decreases
  3. Effective circulating volume decreases
28
Q

Renin will increase levels of what?

A

AngII and aldosterone

29
Q

Low levels of AngII…

A

Constrict efferent arterioles and increase GFR

30
Q

What are high levels of AngII damaging?

A

It constricts both afferent and efferent arterioles

31
Q

Aldosterone increases what?

A

Na and H2O retention (increases BV)

32
Q

In which arteriole would the myogenic/autoregulatory response be most prominent?

A

Afferent

33
Q

Myogenic and Macular Densa work most on the __________ arteriole

A

AFFERENT

34
Q

AngII acts preferentially on the ____________ arteriole

A

EFFERENT

35
Q

When and what do Norepinephrine and Epinephrine do to the kidney?

A

Constrict both afferent and efferent, only in times of high SNS stimulation, like a massive hemorrhage.

36
Q

What does Nitric Oxide do to the kidney?

A

It’s a vasodilator.

Counteracts AngII on afferent
Doesn’t make it to the efferent

37
Q

What do prostaglandins do to the kidney?

A

They’re vasodilators.

Counteracts AngII on afferents

38
Q

NSAIDS block production of what vasodilators?

What could this lead to?

A

Prostaglandins.

Could lead to kidney ischemia in already hypotensive patients

39
Q

GFR/RBF Regulation

Response to hemorrhage?

response to massive MI?

Response to a high dose of ACE-1?

Response to being scared?

A

Last slide of lecture 2, draw it out

B7 Phys (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions