lecture 3 [toddler diseases + immunizations] Flashcards
what can nurses use to control children’s pain when administering immunizations?
- buzzy bee
- pain spray
- EMLA cream (lidocaine)
where can nurses administer immunizations?
- vastus lateralis
- deltoid
what are the side effects of Hep B immunization?
- redness at site
- joint pain
- anaphylaxis
what are the contraindications for the Hep B vaccine?
allergy to yeast
how is diphtheria transmitted?
- skin contact
- droplet
how do the tonsils look when a child is infected with diphtheria?
- thick
- bluish-white patches present
what are the manifestations for diphtheria infection?
- fever
- anorexia
- malaise
- cough
- hoarseness
- odor
- sore throat
what are the complications for diphtheria?
- myocarditis
- ascending paralysis
how can a nurse treat diphtheria?
- IV antitoxin
- Penicillin G
how does tetanus manifest?
(5)
- stiff neck & jaw
- facial spasms
- difficulty swallowing
- muscle rigidity
- opisthotonus
what are the complications for tetanus?
- laryngospasm
- respiratory distress
how can a nurse treat tetanus?
- tetanus shot
- ICU care
- ventilator
what are the precautions for pertussis?
- droplet
what are the symptoms for pertussis?
- runny nose
- severe cough (whooping upon inspiration)
- spasms
- flushing
- cyanosis
- vomiting
how do you treat pertussis?
- antibiotics
- steroids
what are the side effects for DTaP?
- redness
- pain
- 101 fever
- fussy
what are serious side effects of DTaP?
- anaphylaxis
- shock
- 102+ temp
what are the contraindications for DTaP?
- previous reactions
- if immunoglobulin was received 90 days prior
what does cocooning mean in the context of vaccination?
vaccinate everyone surrounding the infant
what are the signs of poliomyelitis?
- fever
- HA
- stiff neck
- progressive muscular weakness
- respiratory difficulties
- paralysis
what are the complications for poliomyelitis?
- permanent motor paralysis
- respiratory arrest
what are the side effects for the IPV?
- swelling
- tenderness
- irritability
what is IPV contraindicated with?
allergies to neomycin & streptomycin
how are measles transmitted?
- airborne
- droplet (direct contact with)
what are the signs for measles?
- Koplik spots (white or red in the mouth)
- rashes (head to toe)
- high fever
- conjunctivitis
- coryza (runny nose)
- cough
when do rashes appear in measles?
3-7 days after onset
what are the complications for measles?
- pneumonia
- bronchitis
- encephalitis
measles
how are mumps transmitted?
direct contact
what are the signs for mumps?
- malaise
- low grade fever
- earache
- HA
- pain with chewing
- swollen parotid glands
what are the complications for mumps?
- orchitis
- deafness
what are the precautions for Rubella?
droplet
what are the signs for Rubella?
- pink rashes
- low-grade fever
- HA
- sore throat
- red & inflamed eyes
- joint pain
why is it dangerous for a pregnant woman to contract Rubella?
could potentially lead to miscarriage or stillbirth
what are the side effects of the MMR vaccine?
- fever
- redness
- rash
- joint pain
- encephalopathy
- chronic arthritis
what does the Hib vaccine prevent?
(4); Haemophilus Influenza Type B
- bacterial meningitis
- epiglottitis
- bacterial pneumonia
- sepsis
how is varicella transmitted?
direct contact
what are the signs for varicella?
- mild fever
- malaise
- irritability
- centripetal rash (highly pruritic)
how to treat varicella?
- Benadryl
- IV Acyclovir
where does the rash start in varicella?
chest, face, or back
when is it appropriate for a child as young as 2 months to be able to get PCV-7?
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- sickle cell disease
- nephrotic syndrome
- renal failure
- organ transplants
- HIV
- cochlear implants
what are the signs for scarlet fever?
- peeling hands
- strawberry tongue
- high fever
- HA
- vomiting
- chills
- sore throat
- rash
what does the tongue look like for a child with scarlet fever?
white, strawberry tongue then red
what is the comorbidity for scarlet fever?
strep infection
what is most common cause for severe diarrhea?
rotavirus
what is a contraindication for the flu vaccine?
egg allergy
what are the signs & symptoms of HPV?
- genital warts
- skin warts
- warts on mucous membranes
what can HPV lead to?
cervical cancer
how does roseola manifest?
- 3 days of fever
- non-puritic rash (on trunk or chest only)
which organism is responsible for roseola?
Herpes virus 6
what are the signs for Rotavirus?
- vomiting
- watery diarrhea
- (3-8 days)
- fever
- abdominal pain
what is the most common sexually transmitted infection?
HPV