lecture 1 [family + pain] Flashcards
what are the roles of the pediatric nurse?
- patient educator
- advocate
- case manager
- researcher
what are the leading causes of infant mortality in the US?
- low birth weight
- SID
- prematurity
- congenital anomalies
which healthcare disparities lead to infant mortality?
- poverty
- low education
- lack of healthcare
cause of childhood mortality among 1-4 year olds
congenital anomalies
cause of childhood mortality among 5-14 year olds
cancer
cause of childhood mortality among 15-19 year olds
suicide
what is the main cause of childhood mortality?
accidents
what is the main cause of childhood morbidity?
common cold
families are a constant force in a child’s life
true
components of family-centered care
- involvement and collaboration with family about resources
- unbiased care
- respecting diversity
- treating children and their families as clients
- regarding famlies as experts on the child
- letting families fulfill simple tasks
what are the stages of play?
- unoccupied
- solitary
- onlooker
- parallel
- associative
- social
unoccupied play
random movements of infants w/ no clear purpose
solitary play
- children start to play on their own
- takes no notice of other children
onlooker play
- children just watch others play
- they ask questions only
- no intention to join
parallel play
- children play side-by-side
- they pay attention to what each is playing
- no interactions
associative play
- children interact w/ each other by asking questions)
- similar goals
- no established rules
social play
- children begin to share w/ each other
- rules are established
what are the functions of play for a hospitalized child?
- provides diversion for a child
- gives the child choices and control of the situation
- gives the parents / family a break
what are the atraumatic measures in a plan of care for pediatric patients?
- use a treatment room
- avoid safe spaces for procedures
- use appropriate terminology
- offer choices to the child
- allow parents to stay with their children during the procedure
- incorporate play into explaining procedures–allow the child to use dolls or toys
guidelines for pharmacological measures for pain
- combine adjuvant meds w/ other analgesics
- opioid & non-opioid
- stray from IM, intranasal, & rectal routes
- use the two-step approach by WHO
what is the two-step approach by WHO
applies to children 3mos. and above
- administer non-opioids such as NSAIDS (for mild pain)
- administer strong opioids such as Morphine(when pain becomes moderate to severe)
common opioids for children
- fentanyl
- morphine sulfate
- hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
effects of combining non-opioids & opioids
- pain relief centrally and peripherally
- greater analgesia w/ fewer side effects
non-pharmacological interventions of pain for children
- distraction
- relaxation
- guided imagery
- positive self-talk
- behavioral contracting (tokens, rewards, etc.)
- containment (blankets, swaddling)
- pacifiers w/ sucrose throughout painful procedures
- Kangaroo care (skin-to-skin)
- alternative med (magnets, massage, hypnosis, naturopathy)
what are the different pain scales?
- NIPS
- FLACC
- FACES
what is NIPS (neonatal infant pain scale)?
a behavioral scale that indicates pain in full-term and pre-term infants (up to 2mos. old)
components of NIPS
- cry
- facial expression
- arms
- legs
- breathing pattern
- state of arousal
each are ranked from 0-1 (cry ranked with 0-2)
NIPS interventions
which age group is FLACC used for?
2mos. – 7 years old
definition of FLACC
Facial expression
Leg positioning
Activity
Crying
Consolability
FLACC pain scale
FACES pain scale is used for which age group?
3 years and older
violent deaths are more likely with which gender and racial group?
African-American males
