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PEDS > lecture 1 [family + pain] > Flashcards

lecture 1 [family + pain] Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles of the pediatric nurse?

A
  • patient educator
  • advocate
  • case manager
  • researcher
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2
Q

what are the leading causes of infant mortality in the US?

A
  • low birth weight
  • SID
  • prematurity
  • congenital anomalies
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3
Q

which healthcare disparities lead to infant mortality?

A
  • poverty
  • low education
  • lack of healthcare
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4
Q

cause of childhood mortality among 1-4 year olds

A

congenital anomalies

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5
Q

cause of childhood mortality among 5-14 year olds

A

cancer

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6
Q

cause of childhood mortality among 15-19 year olds

A

suicide

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7
Q

what is the main cause of childhood mortality?

A

accidents

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8
Q

what is the main cause of childhood morbidity?

A

common cold

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9
Q

families are a constant force in a child’s life

A

true

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10
Q

components of family-centered care

A
  • involvement and collaboration with family about resources
  • unbiased care
  • respecting diversity
  • treating children and their families as clients
  • regarding famlies as experts on the child
  • letting families fulfill simple tasks
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11
Q

what are the stages of play?

A
  1. unoccupied
  2. solitary
  3. onlooker
  4. parallel
  5. associative
  6. social
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12
Q

unoccupied play

A

random movements of infants w/ no clear purpose

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13
Q

solitary play

A
  • children start to play on their own
  • takes no notice of other children
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14
Q

onlooker play

A
  • children just watch others play
  • they ask questions only
  • no intention to join
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15
Q

parallel play

A
  • children play side-by-side
  • they pay attention to what each is playing
  • no interactions
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16
Q

associative play

A
  • children interact w/ each other by asking questions)
  • similar goals
  • no established rules
17
Q

social play

A
  • children begin to share w/ each other
  • rules are established
18
Q

what are the functions of play for a hospitalized child?

A
  • provides diversion for a child
  • gives the child choices and control of the situation
  • gives the parents / family a break
19
Q

what are the atraumatic measures in a plan of care for pediatric patients?

A
  • use a treatment room
  • avoid safe spaces for procedures
  • use appropriate terminology
  • offer choices to the child
  • allow parents to stay with their children during the procedure
  • incorporate play into explaining procedures–allow the child to use dolls or toys
20
Q

guidelines for pharmacological measures for pain

A
  • combine adjuvant meds w/ other analgesics
  • opioid & non-opioid
  • stray from IM, intranasal, & rectal routes
  • use the two-step approach by WHO
21
Q

what is the two-step approach by WHO

applies to children 3mos. and above

A
  1. administer non-opioids such as NSAIDS (for mild pain)
  2. administer strong opioids such as Morphine(when pain becomes moderate to severe)
22
Q

common opioids for children

A
  • fentanyl
  • morphine sulfate
  • hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
23
Q

effects of combining non-opioids & opioids

A
  • pain relief centrally and peripherally
  • greater analgesia w/ fewer side effects
24
Q

non-pharmacological interventions of pain for children

A
  • distraction
  • relaxation
  • guided imagery
  • positive self-talk
  • behavioral contracting (tokens, rewards, etc.)
  • containment (blankets, swaddling)
  • pacifiers w/ sucrose throughout painful procedures
  • Kangaroo care (skin-to-skin)
  • alternative med (magnets, massage, hypnosis, naturopathy)
25
Q

what are the different pain scales?

A
  1. NIPS
  2. FLACC
  3. FACES
26
Q

what is NIPS (neonatal infant pain scale)?

A

a behavioral scale that indicates pain in full-term and pre-term infants (up to 2mos. old)

27
Q

components of NIPS

A
  1. cry
  2. facial expression
  3. arms
  4. legs
  5. breathing pattern
  6. state of arousal

each are ranked from 0-1 (cry ranked with 0-2)

28
Q

NIPS interventions

A
29
Q

which age group is FLACC used for?

A

2mos. – 7 years old

30
Q

definition of FLACC

A

Facial expression
Leg positioning
Activity
Crying
Consolability

31
Q

FLACC pain scale

A
32
Q

FACES pain scale is used for which age group?

A

3 years and older

33
Q

violent deaths are more likely with which gender and racial group?

A

African-American males

PEDS (11 decks)

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