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Anatomy > Lecture 3: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Region Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal nerves

A

-originate at spinal cord
-connects peripheral nervous system to CNS
-31 pairs

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2
Q

5 regions of spinal nerves

A

1) cervical (8)
2) thoracic (12)
3) lumbar (5)
4) sacral (5)
5) coccygeal (1)

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3
Q

How do the nerves exit?

A

Goes between vertebrae’s expect C1 it goes above it.

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4
Q

Why is there Cervical enlargement in spinal cord

A

Large because it has to supply neurons to all muscles in arm and leg

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5
Q

Ventral nerve roots help with what?

A

Motor

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6
Q

Dorsal nerve roots help with what?

A

Sensory

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7
Q

Ventral rami

A

Inner age ventral body wall and all limb parts

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8
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Innervate skin and muscles of back

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9
Q

Dermatomes

A

-Area of skin supplied by an individual spinal nerve
-used to assess level of SCI

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10
Q

Spinal meninges

A

-thick covering around spinal cord
-helps keep CSP in

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11
Q

3 layers of spinal meninges

A

1) dura (outer layer)
2) arachnoid (middle layer)
3) pia (inner layer) only one to touch spinal cord

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Between L1/L2 vertebral level.

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13
Q

Where does the spinal Dural sac terminate?

A

At the S2 segment

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14
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Terminal end of spinal cord

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15
Q

Cauda equine in lumbar cistern

A

-A subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris.

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16
Q

Nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate…

A

Pelvic organs and lower limbs

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17
Q

Filum terminale internum

A

-upper 3/4 of filum
-covered by spinal dura and arachnoid meninges

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18
Q

What’s the space outside of the spinal dura mater?

A

Epidural space

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19
Q

What’s the space in between the spinal dura mater and the spinal arachnoid Mater?

A

Subdural space

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20
Q

What is the space between the spinal arachnoid mater and spinal pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space: CSF

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21
Q

Cauda equina stops?

A

At L1L2

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22
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
-a clear, colorless body fluid found within tissues that surrounds brain and spinal cord of all veretbraes.

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23
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

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24
Q

Spinal tap

A

-lumbar puncture
-lie on side with knees to chest, needle is inserted in spinal canal, to collect CSF for testing.

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25
Q

L3/4 nerves

A

-provide sensation to front part of thigh and inner side of lower leg.
-control hip n knee movements

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26
Q

L4/5 nerves

A

-provide sensation to outer side of lower leg and upper part of fort between first and second toe

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27
Q

What are the function of ligaments?

A

Helps resist excess motion

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28
Q

Spinal ligaments

A

-anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
-posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
-ligamentous flava
-supraspinous ligament
-ligamentum nuchae
-interspinous ligament

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29
Q

Where does the ligamentous flava and PLL live?

A

Spinal canal

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30
Q

Most common cause of spinal stenosis occurs where?

A

ligamentum flava and PLL
-it will hypertrophy which causes it to become thicker and take up space in vertebral canal

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31
Q

How many muscles attach to the scapula?

A

20

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32
Q

Muscles attached to the dorsal scapular region

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatous
Tres minor

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33
Q

What kind of bone is the scapula?

A

Sesamoid bone

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34
Q

ALL

A

Ligament anterior to vertebral body

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35
Q

PLL

A

Ligament posterior to vertebral body

36
Q

Which two ligaments connect to disc?

A

ALL and PLL

37
Q

Ligamentum flava supports?

A

Facets and runs the whole way

38
Q

Infraspine

A

Below the spine

39
Q

Supraspine

A

Above the spine

40
Q

Bones associated with scapula

A

-sternum
-ribs
-clavicle
-vertebrae

41
Q

Deltoid: purpose

A

Doing yoga poses with arms overhead, reaching for and putting on seatbelt

42
Q

Deltoid MA

A

Clavicle (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
@
Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm

Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally raises arm

43
Q

Deltoid proximal

A

Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

44
Q

Deltoid distal

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerous

45
Q

Deltoid nerve

A

Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)

46
Q

Pectoralis major purpose

A

Reaching across the body into an overhead cabinet, putting on seatbelt

47
Q

Pectoralis major MA

A

-Adducts and medially rotates humorous
-draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
-if acting alone clavicular head flexes humerous sternacostal head extends from flexed position

48
Q

Pectoralis major proximal

A

Clavicular head
Sternocostal head: sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages
External oblique muscle

49
Q

Pectoralis major distal

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerous

50
Q

Pectoralis major nerve

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
-clavicular heads (C5 and C6)
-sternocostal head (C7 , C8, T1)

51
Q

Pectoralis minor purpose

A

Taking a deep breath, walking with crutches

52
Q

Pectoralis minor MA

A

-stabilizes scapula inferiorly and anteriorly to thoracic wall
-with fixed scapula: assist to elevate the thorax during inhalation

53
Q

Pectoralis minor proximal

A

Third fourth and fifth ribs near costal cartilage

54
Q

Pectoralis minor nerve

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Lateral pectoral nerve

55
Q

Infraspinatus purpose

A

Playing racket sports or table tennis

56
Q

Infraspinatus MA

A

Externally rotate the shoulder
Stabilize the head of humerous in glenoid cavity along with other SITS muscles

57
Q

Infraspinatus proximal

A

Infraspinous fossa

58
Q

Infraspinatus distal

A

Greater tubercle of humerous

59
Q

Infraspinatus nerve

A

Supeascapular nerve (C5 and C6)

60
Q

Tres major purpose

A

Toileting and perineal care

61
Q

Tres major MA

A

-adduct shoulder
-shoulder IR

62
Q

Tres major proximal

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

63
Q

Tres major distal

A

Medial lip of interrubercular sulcus of humerous

64
Q

Tres major nerve

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5 and C6)

65
Q

“A lady between two majors”

A

The latissimus dorsi lies between the Pectoralis major and tres major muscle

66
Q

Supraspinatus purpose

A

Painting overhead or washing hair

67
Q

Supraspinatus MA

A

-initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm
-stabilize the head of humerous in glenoid cavity

68
Q

Supraspinatus proximal

A

Supraspinatus fossa

69
Q

Supraspinatus distal

A

Greater tubercle of humerous

70
Q

Supraspinatus nerve

A

Upper and lower suprascapular nerves (C4 C5 C6)

71
Q

Tres minor purpose

A

Washing the back of head and neck

72
Q

Tres minor MA

A

-externally rotate shoulder
-stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity

73
Q

Tres minor proximal

A

Lateral Border of scapula

74
Q

Tres minor distal

A

Greater tubercle of humerous

75
Q

Tres minor nerve

A

Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)

76
Q

Subscapularis purpose

A

Tolieting, donning a bra, throwing a baseball

77
Q

Subscapularis MA

A

-internally rotate shoulder
-stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity

78
Q

Subscapularis proximal

A

Subscapular fossa

79
Q

Subscapularis distal

A

Lesser tubercle of humerous

80
Q

Subscapularis nerve

A

Upper and lower subscapular (C5, C6, C7)

81
Q

Serratus anterior purpose

A

Pushing a heavy door

82
Q

Serratus anterior MA

A

-protracts scapular
-upwardly rotates scapula
-holds scapula against thoracic wall

83
Q

Serratus anterior proximal

A

Lateral parts of upper 8 or 9 ribs

84
Q

Serratus anterior distal

A

Medial border of scapula

85
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7)

86
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

-subscapularis
-teres minor
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus

87
Q

Process=

A

Bony protrusion
More area for a ligament and tendon to attach better

Anatomy (3 decks)

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