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Anatomy > Lecture 2: Superficial Back Muscles > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Superficial Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Draw superior view of vertebrae

A
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2
Q

In anatomical position what are the 3 cardinal planes

A

1) Sagittal plane
2) transverse plane
3) frontal plane

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3
Q

Cardinal planes aka

A

“True planes”

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4
Q

Transverse planes…

A

-Gives cross-sections of the body
-a lot of movement comes from here (throwing, twisting, etc.)

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the midline

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6
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cuts the body right down the middle

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7
Q

Frontal plane

A

Cuts the body into posterior and anterior

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8
Q

Distal

A

Further from midline

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9
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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10
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the foot/floor

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11
Q

Superior

A

Up

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Down

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13
Q

What 3 terms can mean front..

A

Ventral, anterior, volar

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14
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose/beak

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15
Q

What is an example of using the terms rostral?

A

The facial muscle is weaker rostrally.

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16
Q

Radial

A

Towards the thumb side

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17
Q

Ulnar

A

Towards pinky finger

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18
Q

Anterior/volar

A

Towards the front of body

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19
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Towards back of body

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20
Q

Palmar

A

-The palm
-anterior portion of hand

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21
Q

Dorsal part of hand

A

-Back of the hand
-posterior portion of hand

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22
Q

Plantar of foot

A

-Sole of foot
-inferior food surface

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23
Q

Dorsal of foot

A

Top of foot
-superior foot surface

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24
Q

Superficial and example

A

-Nearer to surface
-the muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)

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25
Q

Intermediate and example

A

-between a superficial and deep structure.
-the biceps muscle is intermediate b/w the skin and humorous

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26
Q

Deep and example

A

-further from surface
-the humerous is deep to the arm muscles.

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27
Q

What are the sections of the limb?

A

Longitudinal, transverse, and oblique.

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28
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides or extremities

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29
Q

Example of bilateral

A

Kidneys and your lungs

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30
Q

Define unilateral and example

A

One extremity, spleen

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31
Q

Define ipsilateral and give an example

A

Same side or extremity, your left arm and left leg being ipsilateral

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32
Q

Define Contralateral and give example

A

Opposite side or extremity, your left leg and right hand

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33
Q

Flexing

A

Bending of joint

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34
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of joint

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35
Q

Opposition

A

The joining of your pinky and thumb

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36
Q

Reposition

A

Separating you thumb and pinky

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37
Q

Ulnar abduction

A

-3rd digit going towards your pinky
-medial abduction

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38
Q

Radial abduction

A

-3rd digit going towards you thumb
-lateral abduction

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39
Q

Eversion

A

-Sole of foot faces outward
-ankle twists inward

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40
Q

Inversion

A

-sole of foot faces inward
-ankle twists outwards

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41
Q

Lateral rotation of arm and leg

A

-rotating arm out first
-rotating leg out first

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42
Q

Medial rotation of arm and leg

A

-twisting arm inward first
-turning leg inward first

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43
Q

Lateral bending

A

-also known as lateral flexion and side bending

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44
Q

Elevation

A

Shrugging shoulders up

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45
Q

Depression

A

Shrugging shoulders down

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46
Q

Retrusion

A

-Movement of a structure in a posterior or backward direction
-putting jaw back from protrusion

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47
Q

Protrusion

A

-a movement going straight ahead or forward
-sticking jaw out (underbite)

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48
Q

Protraction

A

-The act of moving an anatomical part forward
-squeezing shoulders together

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49
Q

Retraction

A

-movement that pulls back
-pulling shoulders back

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50
Q

The skeletal system is divided into what 2 categories

A

1) axial
2) appendicular

51
Q

Axial skeleton consists of ….

A

-bones in the central core of your body
-bones include your head, neck, back, and chest
-it protects and cushions your brain, spinal cord, and organs

52
Q

Appendicular system consists of…

A

-upper and lower extremities, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

53
Q

In which two systems do these bones belong to? Clavicle, ribs, pelvis, sacrum

A

Clavicle =appendicular
Ribs=axial
Pelvis=appendicular
Sacrum= axial

54
Q

The axial skeleton is formed from which germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

55
Q

The vertebral column consists of?

A

-7 cervical vertebrae’s
-12 thoracic vertebrae’s
- 5 lumbar vertebrae’s
-sacrum (5fused vertebrae’s)
-coccyx (4fused vertebrae’s)

56
Q

Define primary curves

A

Curves of the vertebral column that are seen in a fetus and adult

57
Q

What the the two primary curves of the vertebral column?

A

-thoracic and sacral

58
Q

Define secondary curves

A

Curves that develop gradually after birth as child learns how to sit, stand, and walk.

59
Q

What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column?

A

-cervical and lumbar (people have the most problems with these)

60
Q

What causes the spinal curves to form?

A

Because the child starts weight bearing, sitting, and standing.

61
Q

Define scoliosis

A

Named by the direction of the convexity of the curve in the mediolateral direction and spinal region of apex of curve.

62
Q

What are the three types of scoliosis?

A

1) idiopathic adolescent: happens in teens, usually no reason
2) Neuromuscular disorder: spina bifida, CP, muscular dystrophy
3) congenital: they were born with it

63
Q

Whether it’s a right side scoliosis or left side depends on…

A

Where the apex of the convex curve towards

64
Q

How many vertebrae’s do we have?

A

33

65
Q

Know how to label a typical vertebrae ( pic from PowerPoint)

A
66
Q

Atlas

A

-C1 vertebrae “first of the vertebrae’s)
-aids in saying yes
-atypical vertebrae
-named after Greek god holding world

67
Q

Atlanta-occipital joint

A

-OA joint
-formed by the atlas and occipital bone
-helps nodding yes

68
Q

Axis

A

-C2
-allows to move side to side “NO”

69
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

-joint in between the first and second vertebrae
-helps say no

70
Q

Which vertebrae’s are bifid?

A

C3-C6

71
Q

What does the thoracic vertebral column have that the others don’t?

A

Ribs

72
Q

What clearly identifies a lumbar vertebrae?

A

It’s big spinous process and body

73
Q

What is the vertebral arch?

A

Arch formed by the pedicle and laminae.

74
Q

Discs

A

Firm cartilage between the vertebrae’s

75
Q

What is the innermost part of the disc called?

A

Nucleus pulposus

76
Q

Between which vertebrae’s are there no discs found?

A

-sacrum and coccyx
-C1 and C2
- OA joint

77
Q

What is happening in a herniated disc and/or budging disc?

A

The inner layer of the disc will try to escape and disc will change shape and will start pressing on the nerves.

78
Q

Where will the patient feel pain if it’s in the cervical vertebrae? Lumbar?

A

Cervical= arm pain
Lumbar=leg pain

79
Q

Is surgery necessary for herniated discs or bulging discs?

A

No PT’s can help move them back into place

80
Q

Define Spinal stenosis and the 2 types

A

The narrowing of the spinal canal .
1) central
2) lateral

81
Q

Spondy=

A

Anything to do with the pars interarticularis

82
Q

Spondylolysis

A

The fracture of the pars interarticularis

83
Q

What causes spondylolysis.

A

-Breaks from trauma
-no reason
-born with it

84
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

A fracture in the pars interarticularis that separates.

85
Q

Coccyx

A

-remnant of the skeleton of the embryonic tail-like casual eminence
-present in embryos from end of 4th week till beginning of 8th

86
Q

Zygapophysial joint

A

-the only synovial joint in the spine.
-“facet joint”
-has different orientation for each region of the spine.

87
Q

The Zygapophysial joints extends from what to what?

A

C2 to S1

88
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back: function

A

-helps move upper extremity and respiratory by controlling movement of scapula and humerous

89
Q

What the extrinsic muscles “superficial” of the back?

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

90
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the back all attach where?

A

Attach to medial part of scapula

91
Q

The superficial muscles of the back are part of what Skelton system?

A

Axio-appendicular: go from trunk and connect to appendicular

92
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back: function

A

-deep back muscles
-function to move head and one group can move ribs
-support and move vertebral column

93
Q

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles?

A

Dorsal rami

94
Q

Latissimus dorsi purposeful activity

A

Wheelchair mobility, standing from sitting (pushing downwards on the arm of a chair)

95
Q

Latissimus dorsi muscle action

A

-extend shoulder
-adduct shoulder
-internally rotate shoulder

96
Q

Latissimus dorsi proximal attachment

A

-Inferior angle of scapula
-spinous processes of inferior T7-T12
-iliac crest
Ribs 9-12

97
Q

Latissimus dorsi distal attachment

A

Intertuberlcular sulus of humerous

98
Q

Latissimus dorsi nerve

A

Thoracodorsal nerve ( C6,C7, C8)

99
Q

Trapezius purposeful activity

A

Reaching for an object overhead, rowing a kayak or canoe

100
Q

Trapezius muscle action UPPER FIBERS

A

-bilaterally: extend the head and neck

-unilaterally:
-head and neck ipsilateral lateral flexion
-head and neck contralateral rotation
-elevate scapula
-upwardly rotate scapula

101
Q

Trapezius muscle action
MIDDLE FIBERS

A

-retract the scapula
-stabilize the scapula

102
Q

Trapezius muscle action LOWER FIBERS

A

-depress scapula
-upwardly rotate scapula

103
Q

Trapezius promixal attachment

A

-external occipital protuberance
-medial 1/3 of superior unchallenged line of occiput
-ligamentum niche
-SP of C7-T12

104
Q

Trapezius distal attachment

A

-lateral 1/3 of clavicle
-acromion and spine of scapula

105
Q

Trapezius nerves

A

-spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
-ventral ramus C3 and C4 (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

106
Q

Levator scapulae purposeful action

A

-shrugging the shoulders
-carrying briefcase

107
Q

Levator scapulae muscle action

A

Unilaterally: -elevate the scapula
-downwardly rotate the scapula

108
Q

Levator scapulae proximal attachment

A

Posterior tubercles of TP to C1 to C4

109
Q

Levator scapulae distal attachment

A

Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine

110
Q

Levator scapula nerves

A

-Cervical C3 and C4
-dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

111
Q

Rhomboid major and minor purposeful action

A

Reaching into back pocket

112
Q

Rhomboid major and minor muscle action

A

-retract scapula
-downwardly rotate the scapula
-fix scapula to thoracic wall
ALL FROM ST JOINT

113
Q

Rhomboid minor and major proximal attachment

A

Major: SP to T2 to T5
Minor: nuchal ligament; SP of C7 to T1

114
Q

Rhomboid major and minor distal attachment

A

Major: medial border of scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle
Minor: medial border of scapular spine

115
Q

Rhomboid major and minor nerves

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

116
Q

Which three muscles have the same nerve?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

117
Q

Intermediate group of muscles of the back

A

-Serratus posterior superior
-serratus posterior inferior
REALLY THIN

118
Q

What forms the Zygapophysial joint?

A

The inferior and superior process

119
Q

Cervical Zygapophysial joint

A

Inclined plane

120
Q

Thoracic Zygapophysial joint

A

Stop sign

121
Q

Lumbar Zygapophysial joint

A

Earmuffs

122
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by which nerve?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

123
Q

Extrinsic back muscles superficial function=? What about its intermediate function?

A

-upper extremity movement
-respiratory movement

Anatomy (3 decks)

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