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Anatomy > Lecture 2: Superficial Back Muscles > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Superficial Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Draw superior view of vertebrae

A
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2
Q

In anatomical position what are the 3 cardinal planes

A

1) Sagittal plane
2) transverse plane
3) frontal plane

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3
Q

Cardinal planes aka

A

“True planes”

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4
Q

Transverse planes…

A

-Gives cross-sections of the body
-a lot of movement comes from here (throwing, twisting, etc.)

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the midline

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6
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cuts the body right down the middle

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7
Q

Frontal plane

A

Cuts the body into posterior and anterior

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8
Q

Distal

A

Further from midline

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9
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head

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10
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the foot/floor

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11
Q

Superior

A

Up

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Down

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13
Q

What 3 terms can mean front..

A

Ventral, anterior, volar

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14
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose/beak

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15
Q

What is an example of using the terms rostral?

A

The facial muscle is weaker rostrally.

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16
Q

Radial

A

Towards the thumb side

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17
Q

Ulnar

A

Towards pinky finger

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18
Q

Anterior/volar

A

Towards the front of body

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19
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Towards back of body

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20
Q

Palmar

A

-The palm
-anterior portion of hand

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21
Q

Dorsal part of hand

A

-Back of the hand
-posterior portion of hand

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22
Q

Plantar of foot

A

-Sole of foot
-inferior food surface

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23
Q

Dorsal of foot

A

Top of foot
-superior foot surface

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24
Q

Superficial and example

A

-Nearer to surface
-the muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)

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25
Intermediate and example
-between a superficial and deep structure. -the biceps muscle is intermediate b/w the skin and humorous
26
Deep and example
-further from surface -the humerous is deep to the arm muscles.
27
What are the sections of the limb?
Longitudinal, transverse, and oblique.
28
Bilateral
Both sides or extremities
29
Example of bilateral
Kidneys and your lungs
30
Define unilateral and example
One extremity, spleen
31
Define ipsilateral and give an example
Same side or extremity, your left arm and left leg being ipsilateral
32
Define Contralateral and give example
Opposite side or extremity, your left leg and right hand
33
Flexing
Bending of joint
34
Extension
Straightening of joint
35
Opposition
The joining of your pinky and thumb
36
Reposition
Separating you thumb and pinky
37
Ulnar abduction
-3rd digit going towards your pinky -medial abduction
38
Radial abduction
-3rd digit going towards you thumb -lateral abduction
39
Eversion
-Sole of foot faces outward -ankle twists inward
40
Inversion
-sole of foot faces inward -ankle twists outwards
41
Lateral rotation of arm and leg
-rotating arm out first -rotating leg out first
42
Medial rotation of arm and leg
-twisting arm inward first -turning leg inward first
43
Lateral bending
-also known as lateral flexion and side bending
44
Elevation
Shrugging shoulders up
45
Depression
Shrugging shoulders down
46
Retrusion
-Movement of a structure in a posterior or backward direction -putting jaw back from protrusion
47
Protrusion
-a movement going straight ahead or forward -sticking jaw out (underbite)
48
Protraction
-The act of moving an anatomical part forward -squeezing shoulders together
49
Retraction
-movement that pulls back -pulling shoulders back
50
The skeletal system is divided into what 2 categories
1) axial 2) appendicular
51
Axial skeleton consists of ….
-bones in the central core of your body -bones include your head, neck, back, and chest -it protects and cushions your brain, spinal cord, and organs
52
Appendicular system consists of…
-upper and lower extremities, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
53
In which two systems do these bones belong to? Clavicle, ribs, pelvis, sacrum
Clavicle =appendicular Ribs=axial Pelvis=appendicular Sacrum= axial
54
The axial skeleton is formed from which germ layer?
Mesoderm
55
The vertebral column consists of?
-7 cervical vertebrae’s -12 thoracic vertebrae’s - 5 lumbar vertebrae’s -sacrum (5fused vertebrae’s) -coccyx (4fused vertebrae’s)
56
Define primary curves
Curves of the vertebral column that are seen in a fetus and adult
57
What the the two primary curves of the vertebral column?
-thoracic and sacral
58
Define secondary curves
Curves that develop gradually after birth as child learns how to sit, stand, and walk.
59
What are the secondary curves of the vertebral column?
-cervical and lumbar (people have the most problems with these)
60
What causes the spinal curves to form?
Because the child starts weight bearing, sitting, and standing.
61
Define scoliosis
Named by the direction of the convexity of the curve in the mediolateral direction and spinal region of apex of curve.
62
What are the three types of scoliosis?
1) idiopathic adolescent: happens in teens, usually no reason 2) Neuromuscular disorder: spina bifida, CP, muscular dystrophy 3) congenital: they were born with it
63
Whether it’s a right side scoliosis or left side depends on…
Where the apex of the convex curve towards
64
How many vertebrae’s do we have?
33
65
Know how to label a typical vertebrae ( pic from PowerPoint)
66
Atlas
-C1 vertebrae “first of the vertebrae’s) -aids in saying yes -atypical vertebrae -named after Greek god holding world
67
Atlanta-occipital joint
-OA joint -formed by the atlas and occipital bone -helps nodding yes
68
Axis
-C2 -allows to move side to side “NO”
69
Atlantoaxial joint
-joint in between the first and second vertebrae -helps say no
70
Which vertebrae’s are bifid?
C3-C6
71
What does the thoracic vertebral column have that the others don’t?
Ribs
72
What clearly identifies a lumbar vertebrae?
It’s big spinous process and body
73
What is the vertebral arch?
Arch formed by the pedicle and laminae.
74
Discs
Firm cartilage between the vertebrae’s
75
What is the innermost part of the disc called?
Nucleus pulposus
76
Between which vertebrae’s are there no discs found?
-sacrum and coccyx -C1 and C2 - OA joint
77
What is happening in a herniated disc and/or budging disc?
The inner layer of the disc will try to escape and disc will change shape and will start pressing on the nerves.
78
Where will the patient feel pain if it’s in the cervical vertebrae? Lumbar?
Cervical= arm pain Lumbar=leg pain
79
Is surgery necessary for herniated discs or bulging discs?
No PT’s can help move them back into place
80
Define Spinal stenosis and the 2 types
The narrowing of the spinal canal . 1) central 2) lateral
81
Spondy=
Anything to do with the pars interarticularis
82
Spondylolysis
The fracture of the pars interarticularis
83
What causes spondylolysis.
-Breaks from trauma -no reason -born with it
84
Spondylolisthesis
A fracture in the pars interarticularis that separates.
85
Coccyx
-remnant of the skeleton of the embryonic tail-like casual eminence -present in embryos from end of 4th week till beginning of 8th
86
Zygapophysial joint
-the only synovial joint in the spine. -“facet joint” -has different orientation for each region of the spine.
87
The Zygapophysial joints extends from what to what?
C2 to S1
88
Extrinsic muscles of the back: function
-helps move upper extremity and respiratory by controlling movement of scapula and humerous
89
What the extrinsic muscles “superficial” of the back?
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
90
The extrinsic muscles of the back all attach where?
Attach to medial part of scapula
91
The superficial muscles of the back are part of what Skelton system?
Axio-appendicular: go from trunk and connect to appendicular
92
Intrinsic muscles of the back: function
-deep back muscles -function to move head and one group can move ribs -support and move vertebral column
93
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles?
Dorsal rami
94
Latissimus dorsi purposeful activity
Wheelchair mobility, standing from sitting (pushing downwards on the arm of a chair)
95
Latissimus dorsi muscle action
-extend shoulder -adduct shoulder -internally rotate shoulder
96
Latissimus dorsi proximal attachment
-Inferior angle of scapula -spinous processes of inferior T7-T12 -iliac crest Ribs 9-12
97
Latissimus dorsi distal attachment
Intertuberlcular sulus of humerous
98
Latissimus dorsi nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve ( C6,C7, C8)
99
Trapezius purposeful activity
Reaching for an object overhead, rowing a kayak or canoe
100
Trapezius muscle action UPPER FIBERS
-bilaterally: extend the head and neck -unilaterally: -head and neck ipsilateral lateral flexion -head and neck contralateral rotation -elevate scapula -upwardly rotate scapula
101
Trapezius muscle action MIDDLE FIBERS
-retract the scapula -stabilize the scapula
102
Trapezius muscle action LOWER FIBERS
-depress scapula -upwardly rotate scapula
103
Trapezius promixal attachment
-external occipital protuberance -medial 1/3 of superior unchallenged line of occiput -ligamentum niche -SP of C7-T12
104
Trapezius distal attachment
-lateral 1/3 of clavicle -acromion and spine of scapula
105
Trapezius nerves
-spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) -ventral ramus C3 and C4 (pain and proprioceptive fibers)
106
Levator scapulae purposeful action
-shrugging the shoulders -carrying briefcase
107
Levator scapulae muscle action
Unilaterally: -elevate the scapula -downwardly rotate the scapula
108
Levator scapulae proximal attachment
Posterior tubercles of TP to C1 to C4
109
Levator scapulae distal attachment
Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine
110
Levator scapula nerves
-Cervical C3 and C4 -dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
111
Rhomboid major and minor purposeful action
Reaching into back pocket
112
Rhomboid major and minor muscle action
-retract scapula -downwardly rotate the scapula -fix scapula to thoracic wall ALL FROM ST JOINT
113
Rhomboid minor and major proximal attachment
Major: SP to T2 to T5 Minor: nuchal ligament; SP of C7 to T1
114
Rhomboid major and minor distal attachment
Major: medial border of scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle Minor: medial border of scapular spine
115
Rhomboid major and minor nerves
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
116
Which three muscles have the same nerve?
Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
117
Intermediate group of muscles of the back
-Serratus posterior superior -serratus posterior inferior REALLY THIN
118
What forms the Zygapophysial joint?
The inferior and superior process
119
Cervical Zygapophysial joint
Inclined plane
120
Thoracic Zygapophysial joint
Stop sign
121
Lumbar Zygapophysial joint
Earmuffs
122
The extrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by which nerve?
Ventral rami of spinal nerves
123
Extrinsic back muscles superficial function=? What about its intermediate function?
-upper extremity movement -respiratory movement

Anatomy (3 decks)

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