Lecture 3: Sexuality and Heteronormatitivity Flashcards
What is the idea with news of coming out?
Eventually the “news” will not have to be “news” and everyone can just be.
What does Jonathan Zimmerman say is the double standard of sports sexuality?
Male athletes can’t be gay, but female athletes are assumed to be
In the year 1967, what bill did Pierre Trudeau introduce and then later pass? What did this do for homosexuality?
He introduced a bill to decriminalize homosexual acts performed in private. This allowed homosexuals to feel safe.
What is the most important human rights legislation at the federal level in Canada?
The Canadian human rights act
What does the Canadian human rights act state?
You cannot discriminate someone regardless of race, nationality, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, disability and pardoned conviction,
What can sexuality be influenced by?
Interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.
What is gender identity?
How you think of yourself. How you see yourself
What is gender expression?
How you demonstrate your gender based on traditional gender roles through the ways you act, dress, behave, and interact.
What is sexual orientation?
Who you are physically, spiritually and emotionally attracted to based on their sex / gender in relation to you.
What’s heterosexist?
Favouring heterosexuals over other sexualities (the norm) ex. in sports, you must be a masculine man.
What does Simone de Beauvoir mean when by “one is not born, but rather becomes a woman.”
We are born with a sex but we become a girl, a boy, or non-binary via our experiences (socialization and feelings)
What should we do if we want to call sport inclusive?
Accept every body.
How is the institution of sport heterosexist?
By producing and rewarding hegemonic masculinity, sport reinforces homophobic behaviours.
Popular opinion, coupled with the media, reproduces the idea that athleticism equals masculinity, which equals to?
Heterosexuality
What is the term for assuming individuals are masculine and desire woman if they are men and vice versa?
Heteronormative
Why is there an illusion that heterosexuality is natural?
Minority sexualities are repressed.
True or false: intolerance of behaviour that is perceived to be outside the boundaries of traditional gender role expectations can be homophobia?
True.
Contemporary masculine scripts consist of what 4 key dimensions?
- Rejection of femininity
- Ambition and the pursuit of success and wealth
- Heterosexual potency
- Toughness, confidence and competence
What gives young men the opportunity to perform physical toughness and Christian humility to provide a good and moral society as Charles Gordon advocated?
Sports
Why did the Protestant church create the Young Men’s Christian Association?
To depict Christianity as tough, virile and masculine.
What are the characteristics of hegemonic muscular Christian masculinity?
Strength, aggression and self-discipline (heterosexuality)
Why do homosexual athletes threaten hegemonic masculinity?
“They threaten the perceived distinctions between gay and straight men and thus the perceived differences between men and women as a whole.
What is necessary to maintain athleticism as a masculine attribute?
Exclude homosexuals, effeminate men and women by stigmatizing them as weak, soft, feminine and unathletic.
Why are homophobic slurs normalized in the men’s locker room?
For male athletes to prove his heterosexuality and masculinity..
What message does sexual hazing send out?
Message that homosexuality is wrong, disgusting, humiliating and something to fear.
When do most athletes come out?
After they retire from playing
What does the “Gay Games” by Tom Waddel promote and attempt?
Promote participation and attempt to redefine the notion of winning in contrast to the hegemonic masculine definition. Players focus on personal achievement.
What do gay sporting leagues challenge?
Existing representations of both gay athletes and hegemonic masculinity
What is problematic about gay sporting leagues?
- Gay sports tend to exist as a way to mainstream gay athletes
- Gay sports reinforce gender and sexuality binaries. Inclusivity devalues the players that had to ‘earn’ where they are today.
- The existence of a gay sporting league marks them as “different” which further prevents acceptance. They place gay athletes in a marginalized space.
Also, if they are beating their straight competitors, the competitors masculinity will feel threatened
How does Kelsey Lucyk say can we value every athlete?
If un exercise sport to reflect values of inclusivity and participation rather than dominance and aggression,
