Lecture 2: Sex and Gender Flashcards
What does Emily Martin say stereotypes for women vs. Men imply?
Not only that female biological processes are less worthy than their male counterparts but also that women are less worthy than men.
In what year did we find the true relationship between the sperm and the egg?
1984.
After the discovery of the relationship between the sperm and egg, it took 3 years for researchers to what?
To conceptually accept the new relationship between the egg and the sperm. They began to describe the “zona” as an aggressive sperm catcher.
Which one has a stereotype of being passive? The egg or sperm?
The egg (“must depend on sperm for rescue”)
True or false: The sperm has the stereotype of wasteful because a man can produce well over two trillion sperm in his lifetime while a woman would total only 500 eggs
False, a woman has the stereotype of wasteful because many eggs die in the ovaries
What did Ruth herschberger argue in 1948?
Female reproductive organs are seen as biologically interdependent, while male organs are viewed as autonomous, operating independently and in isolation.
The forward thrust of sperm is extremely _______
Weak. (cant break even one chemical bond)
before research found that a sperms tail thrust was weak, what did scientists say sperm did to get past the zona of the egg?
the sperm was believed to use mechanical and chemical means to get through the zona to the egg
what is the sperms strongest tendency?
to pry itself off the egg to escape
where does sperm have the most force?
sideways, so it would be very hard to mechanically break through the zona
why do the sperm and egg stick together?
adhesive molecules on the surfaces of each
after the research found that sperm actually is not as strong and tries to escape the egg, what difference was made?
every stereotype stayed the same, just that the sperm was doing it weakly. (the sperm is the active party who attacks, binds, penetrates and enters the egg, just weakly.)
in what year did researchers give the egg a more active role? describing the zona as an aggressive sperm catcher?
1987, 3 years after research found this.
Although Wassarman gave the egg an active role, what terms did he use to describe the egg?
He used stereotypical feminine terms.