Lecture 2: Sex and Gender Flashcards
What does Emily Martin say stereotypes for women vs. Men imply?
Not only that female biological processes are less worthy than their male counterparts but also that women are less worthy than men.
In what year did we find the true relationship between the sperm and the egg?
1984.
After the discovery of the relationship between the sperm and egg, it took 3 years for researchers to what?
To conceptually accept the new relationship between the egg and the sperm. They began to describe the “zona” as an aggressive sperm catcher.
Which one has a stereotype of being passive? The egg or sperm?
The egg (“must depend on sperm for rescue”)
True or false: The sperm has the stereotype of wasteful because a man can produce well over two trillion sperm in his lifetime while a woman would total only 500 eggs
False, a woman has the stereotype of wasteful because many eggs die in the ovaries
What did Ruth herschberger argue in 1948?
Female reproductive organs are seen as biologically interdependent, while male organs are viewed as autonomous, operating independently and in isolation.
The forward thrust of sperm is extremely _______
Weak. (cant break even one chemical bond)
before research found that a sperms tail thrust was weak, what did scientists say sperm did to get past the zona of the egg?
the sperm was believed to use mechanical and chemical means to get through the zona to the egg
what is the sperms strongest tendency?
to pry itself off the egg to escape
where does sperm have the most force?
sideways, so it would be very hard to mechanically break through the zona
why do the sperm and egg stick together?
adhesive molecules on the surfaces of each
after the research found that sperm actually is not as strong and tries to escape the egg, what difference was made?
every stereotype stayed the same, just that the sperm was doing it weakly. (the sperm is the active party who attacks, binds, penetrates and enters the egg, just weakly.)
in what year did researchers give the egg a more active role? describing the zona as an aggressive sperm catcher?
1987, 3 years after research found this.
Although Wassarman gave the egg an active role, what terms did he use to describe the egg?
He used stereotypical feminine terms.
What are the three levels of analysis in gender?
- Interactionist: performance of gender
- Structural: structure of gender
- Cultural: culture of gender (popular symbols)
What is socialization?
Active process of learning and social development as we interact with others. Interactive process through which we actively connect with others and make decisions that shape our lives and the social worlds around us. Implies we are not just passive with ideas but we respond, embrace or reject with ideas.
Performance of gender in Barbie girls vs. sea monsters
Girls dancing around barbic and boys disrupting the activity. Girls will be girls and boys will be boys.
Structure of gender in Barbie girls vs. Sea monsters
The instances in which they do similar things by far outnumbered the things that makes them different. Most differences are created by the structures of the parent.
The culture of gender in Barbie girls vs. Sea monsters
Girls wear pink. Boys wear blue.
What concept was developed by Thorne to analyze the social processes through which children construct gender?
Gender play. The collective practices in which children and adults create gender in their daily interactions.
What was the purpose of the Barbie girls vs. Sea monsters article?
Finding what activates and enforces gender boundaries.
True or false: interaction, structural context and culture supersedes the others.
False. They are simultaneous and mutually intertwined processes of analysis
How do parents interpret performance of gender?
Inevitable unfolding of natural, internal differences between the sexes. Not as social constructions of gender.
Structure becomes an object of _______.
Practice. The choices and actions of today’s parents re-create divisions of labour and power to those they experienced in their youth.
By dividing boys and girls of all ages into seperate groups, what did AYSO do?
The social structure set ranges, limits and possibilities for the children’s and parents’ interactions and performances of gender, but did not make them happen. only influenced.
differences between cultural symbols and social structure
cultural symbols is the team colours and the social structure is the separation of sexes in the league.
what is Connell’s(1987) definition of emphasized femininity
the current form of femininity that articulates with hegemonic masculinity
true or false: gender regime of preschool and grade school may be experienced as an environment in which mostly women leader enforce rules that are hostile to masculine fantasy play and physicality, the gender regime of sport is experienced as a place where masculine styles and values of physicality, aggression, and competition are enforced and celebrated by mostly male coaches.
true
