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Human Physiology And Practical Skills > Lecture 3 - Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What makes human movement possible?

A

Cross bridge cycling

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2
Q

What is cross bridge cycling?

A

Where actin and myosin attach and detach

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3
Q

What allows the process of cross bridge cycling to occur?

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

In aerobic system you need oxygen to resynthesise ATP, therefore you need some way of getting O2 in, which is?

A

The respiratory system

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5
Q

When you have O2 in the respiratory system (for ATP resynthesis) you need some way of transporting it around the body, which is?

A

The cardiovascular system

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6
Q

What is the respiratory systems role in ATP resynthesis

A

To provide a means of gas exchange between the external environment and the body

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7
Q

What is the average adult lung volume?

A

4-6 litres

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8
Q

State the path that air goes through when entering the body

A 
Nasal cavity (and mouth)
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea
Bronchus (bronchi)
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole 
Alveoli
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9
Q

What are the two zones in the respiratory system?

A

Conducting zone

Transitional and respiratory zone

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10
Q

Where is the conducting zone from and where does it go to?

A

Trachea -> bronchioles

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11
Q

What does the conducting zone contain?

A

An atomic dead space

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12
Q

What is an atomic dead space

A

The total volume of the conducting airways from the nose or mouth to the terminal bronchioles (it is the area where air is inhaled into but gas exchange does not take place)

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13
Q

Where is the transitional and respiratory zone? And what is it the site of?

A

Respiratory bronchiole to the alveolar sacs

Gas exchange

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14
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

To provide a means of gas exchange between the external environment and the body

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15
Q

Definition of ventilation

A

Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

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16
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Difference in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs / resistance to that flow

/_\ P/R

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17
Q

What is Boyles law?

A

Decrease in volume, increase in pressure

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18
Q

What is the process of inspiration?

A

Inspiratory muscles contract

Increase lung volume

Decrease in pressure

Change in pressure gradient

Air rushes in

19
Q

What is the process of expiration?

A

Inspiratory muscles relax / recoil

Decrease lung volume

Increase in pressure

Change in pressure gradient

Air rushes out

20
Q

Bulk flow doesn’t only depend on pressure difference, what else does it depend on?

A

Lung compliance - how stretchy your lungs are

21
Q

Average tidal volume (TV) and what TV is

A

Men - 600mL

Women - 500mL

The amount of air inspired or expired per breath

22
Q

Average inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and what IRV is

A

Men - 3000mL

Women - 1900mL

The maximum amount of air that can be inspired by the lungs by determine effort after normal inspiration

23
Q

Average expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and what ERV is

A

Men - 1200mL

Women - 800mL

The additional amount of air that can be expired from the lungs by determined effort after normal expiration

24
Q

Average total lung capacity (TLC) and what it is

A

Men - 6000mL

Women - 4200mL

The volume of the lungs

25
Q

Average residual lung volume (RLV) and what it is

A

Men - 1200mL

Women - 1000mL

The volume of air still in the lungs after the ERV is exhaled

26
Q

Average forced vital capacity (FVC) and what it is

A

Men - 4800

Women - 3200

The total amount of air exhaled during a FEV test (measures how much air can be exhaled during a forced breath)

27
Q

Average functional residual capacity (FRC) and what it is

A

Men - 2400mL

Women - 1800mL

Volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

28
Q

What is the forced exploratory reserve volume (FEV)

A

How much air can be exhaled during a forced breath

29
Q

What is the resting respiratory rate (breaths per minute)

A

Around 12

30
Q

Equation for minute ventilation

A

Minute ventilation = Tidal Volume x breathing frequency

31
Q

What is the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and what are the average values?

A

Men - 140-180L/min

Women - 80-120L/min

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled/exhaled in one minute

eMMV = FEV1 x 40

32
Q

What is diffusion

A

Movement of something from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

33
Q

Definition of partial pressure and what is the equation

A

The force exerted by a single gas within a mixture of gases

Fraction concentration of specific gas x total pressure of the gas mixture

34
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

A gas mixtures total pressure is equal to the sum of the individual gases in the mixture

35
Q

What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

760mmHg

36
Q

What is the rate of diffusion affected by?

A

Pressure differential between gases

Solubility of the gas in the fluid

37
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

Mass of a gas that dissolved in a fluid at a given temperature varies directly with the pressure of the gas over the liquid

38
Q

What is Ficks law?

A

Rate of gas transfer is proportional to the tissue area, the diffusion coefficient of the gas, and the difference in partial pressure of the gas on the two sides of the tissue, and is inversely proportional to the thickness

39
Q

Look at PowerPoint slide 32

A

Homeostasis diagram

40
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect and where are they located

A

Changes in chemical balance

Located in the internal and external carotid artery

41
Q

What sort of system is the ventilatory system?

A

It is a demand led system

42
Q

During exercise what happens to the process of inspiration?

A

Everything becomes greater

43
Q

During exercise what happens to expiration?

A

Becomes active as everything becomes greater

44
Q

What is hyperpnea?

A

Increase in ventilation during exercise?

Human Physiology And Practical Skills (5 decks)

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