Lecture 3 - Reinforcement, Extinction, and Punishment Flashcards
Define reinforcement
The procedure of providing consequences for a behaviour that increase or maintain the frequency of that behaviour.
Define reinforcer.
An event that, when made contingent on a behaviour, increases or maintains the frequency of that behaviour.
Define positive reinforcer.
A reinforcing event in which something is added following a behaviour.
Define negative reinforcer.
A reinforcing event in which something is removed following a behaviour.
Define:
- Positive
- Secondary
- Contrived
- Natural
reinforcers
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Describe Allen et al. (1974) research example of reinforcement.
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List and describe the rules for using reinforcement.
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What are 4 problems with reinforcement?
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Define extinction.
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Describe France and Hudson (1990) research example of extinction.
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List and describe the rules for using extinction.
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What are 4 problems with extinction?
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Describe and define differential reinforcement.
What are 3 different types?
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Describe Rekers and Lovaas (1974) research example of differential reinforcement.
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List and describe the rules for using differential reinforcement.
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Define punishment.
The procedure of providing consequences for a behaviour that decrease the frequency of that behaviour.
Define punisher.
An event that, when made contingent on a behaviour, decreases the frequency of that behaviour. Are determined by their effect on behaviour - if it doesn’t reduce the rate of behaviour, it is not a punisher
Although some punishers are harmless, but some punishers can be aversive.
List and describe 5 types of punishment.
- Reprimanding
- Response cost
- Time out
- Overcorrection
- Physical punishment
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Describe Dorsey et al. (1980) research example of punishment.
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List and describe the rules for using punishment.
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What are 2 problems with punishment?
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Understand?
Define the “partial reinforcement effect”
During extinction procedures, you need to entirely withhold the reinforcer. Occasional reinforcement could maintain the behaviour (partial reinforcement effect).
Define extinction bursts
Extinction bursts. - The long term effect of xtinction is the reduction of behaviour, but the immediate effect can be a sudden increase. If you dont tell people in the applied setting that its going to get worse before it gets better then they might think tis not working.
